abnormal psych test 1

psychological dysfunction associated with distress or impairment in functioning that is not a typical or culturally expected response

psychological disorder characterized by marked and persistent fear if an object or situation

actions that are unexpected and often evaluated negatively because they differ form typical or usual behavior

scientific study of psychological disorders

mental health professional expected to apply scientific methods to his or her work.

original complaint reported by the client to the therapist

details of the combination of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings of an individual that make up a particular disorder

number of people displaying a disorder in the total population at any given time

number of new cases of a disorder appearing during a specific period

pattern of development and change of a disorder over time

predicted development of a disorder over time

cause or source of a disorder

religious ritual that attributes disordered behavior to possession by demons and seeks to treat the individual by driving the demons from the body

treatment practices that focus on social and cultural factors as well as psychological influences

psychosocial approach in the 19th century that involved treating patients as normally as possibly in normal environments

mid 19th century effort to improve care of the mentally disordered by informing the public of their mistreatment

assessment and therapy pioneered by Sigmund Freud that emphasizes exploration of, and insight into, unconscious processes and conflicts.

explanation of human behavior, including dysfunction, based on principles of learning and adaption derived from experimental psychology

part of the psychic makeup that is outside the awareness of the person

rapid or sudden release of emotional tension thought to be an important factor in psychoanalytic therapy.

complex and comprehensive theory originally advanced by Sigmund Freud that seeks to acount for the development and struccture of personality, as well as the origin of abnormal behavior, based primarily on inferred inner entities and forces

in psychoanalysis, the unconscious psychic entity present at birth representing basic drives

in psychoanalysis, the psychic entity responsible for finding realistic and practical ways to satisfy id drives

in psychoanalysis, the psychic entity representing the internalized moral standards of parents and society

in psychoanalytic theory, a struggle among the id, ego, and superego

common pattern of behavior, often an adaptive coping style when it occurs in moderation, observed in response to a particular situation.

the fear in young boys that they will be mutilated genitally beause of their lust for their mothers

obsolete psychodynamic term for a psychological disorder thought to result from an unconscious conflict and the anxiety it causes

modern development in psychodynamic theory involving the study of how children incorporate the memories and values of people who are close and important to them

accumulated wisdom of a culture collected and remembered across generations, a psychodynamic concept introduced by Carl Jung

psychoanalytic therapy technique intended to explore threatening material repressed into the unconscious.

therapist who practices psychoanalysis after earning either an MD or a PHD degree and receiving additional specialized postdoctoral training

psychoanalytic concept suggesting that clients may seek to relate to the therapist as they do to important authority figures, particularly their parents.

process emphasized in humanistic psychology in which people strive to achieve their highest potential against difficult life experiences

approach to the study of psychopathology that holds psychological disorders are always the products of multiple interacting causal factors

long deoxryibonucleic acid (DNA) molecule, the basic physical unit of heredity that appears as a location on a chromosome

hypothesis that both an inherited tendency and specific stressful conditions are required to produce a disorder

susceptibility or tendency to develop a disorder

hypothesis that people with a genetic predisposition for a disorder may also have a genetic tendency to create environmental risk factors that promote the disorder

the study of factors other than inherited DNA sequence, such as new learning or stress, that alter the phenotypic expression of genes

study of the nervous system and its role in behavior, throughts, and emotions

individual nerve cell responsible for transmitting information

space between nerve cells where chemical transmitters act to move impulses from one neuron to the next

chemical that crosses the synaptic cleft between nerves cells to transmit impulses from one neuron to the next.

chemical messenger produced by the endocrine glands

neurotransmitter current or neural pathway in the brain

a chemical substance that effectively increases the activity of a neutrotransmitter by imitating its effects

chemical substance that produces effets opposite those of a particular neutrotransmitter

a chemical substance that decresases or blocks the effects of neurotransmitters

action by which a neurotransmitter is quickly drawn back into the discharging neuron after being released into a synaptic cleft

amino acid neurotransmitter that excites many different

leading to action

neurotransmitter that reduces activity across the synaptic cleft and thus inhibits a range of behaviors and emotions, espeically generalized anxiety

neurotransmitter involved in processing of information and coordination of moment, as well as inhibition and restraint

neurotransmitter active in the central and peripheral nervous systesm, controlling heart rate, blood pressure, and respiriation, among other fuctions

neurotransmitter whose generalized function is to activate other neurotransmitters and to aid in exploratory and pleasure-seeking behaviors

field of study that examines how humans and other animals acquire, process, store, and retrieve information

Martin Seligman's theory that people become anxious and depressed when they make an attribution that they have no control over the stress in lives

learning through observation and imitation of the behavior of other individuals and consequences of that behavior

ability adaptive for evoltuion, allowing ertain associations to be learned more readily than others

condition of memory in which a person cannot recall past events despite acting in response to them

biological reaction to alarming stressors that musters the body's resource to resist or flee a threat

pattern of action ilicited by an external event a feeling state, accompanied by a characteristic physiological response

enduring period of emotionality

conscious, subjective aspects of an emotion that accompanies an action at a given time

developmental psychopathology principle that a behavior or disorder may have several causes

systematic evaluation and measurement of psychological, biological, and social factors in a person presenting with a possible psychological disorder

process of determining whether a presenting problem meets the established criteria for a specific psychological disorder

degree to which a measurement is consistent

degree to which a technique measures what it purports to measure

process of establishing specific norms and requirements for a measurement technique to ensure it is used consistently across measurement occasions

relatively coarse preliminary test of a client's judgment, orientation to time and place, and emotional and mental state: typically conducted during an initial interview

measuring, observing, and systematically evaluation the client's thoughts, feelings, and behavior in the actual problem situation or context

the action by which clients observe and record their own behaviors as either an assessment of a problem and its change or a treatment procedure that makes them more aware of their responses

psychoanalytically based measure that presents ambiguous stimuli to clients on the assumption that their responses can reveal their unconscious conflicts

self-report questionaire that assessments personal traits by asking respondents to identify descriptions that apply to themselves

score on a intelligence test estimating a person's deviation from average test performance

assessment of brain and nervous system functioning by testing an individual's performance on behavioral tasks

assessment error in which pathology is reported when none is actually represent

assessment error in which no pathology is noted when one is actually present

sophisticated computer-aided procedure that allows nonintrusive examination of nervous system structure and function

system of namin and classification in science

classification and naming system for medical and psychological phenomena

in a naming system, the actual labels or names that are applied

system of categorizing disorders using both essential, defining characteristics and a range of variation on other characteristics

the extent to which a disorder would be found among a patient's relatives

presence of two or more disorders in an individual at the same time

approach to research that employs subjects who are similar to clinical clients, allowing replication of a clinical problem under controlled conditions

observable charactistics or behaviors of an individual

the individual displaying the traitor characteristic being studied

brain circuit in the limbic system that responds to threat signals inhibiting activity and causing anxiety

severe reaciton immediately following a terrifying event, often including amnesia about the event, emotional numbing, and derealizations

hormone affets the brain and is increasingly the focus of study in psychopathology

thinking errors by depressed people negatively focused in three areas: themselves, their immediate world, and their future