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WHAT IS THE NORMAL RANGE OF A RED BLOOD CELL COUNT IN AN ANEMIC FEMALE (ANSWER IN CELLS per mm3)?

< 4.3 Million PER mm3
WHAT IS THE NORMAL RANGE OF A RED BLOOD CELL COUNT IN AN ANEMIC MALE (ANSWER IN CELLS per mm3)?

< 4.5 Million PER mm3
WHAT IS THE NORMAL RANGE OF A RED BLOOD CELL COUNT IN A HEALTHY FEMALE (ANSWER IN CELLS per mm3)?

4.3- 5.5 X 10 6 PER mm3
WHAT IS THE NORMAL RANGE OF A RED BLOOD CELL COUNT IN A HEALTHY MALE (ANSWER IN CELLS per mm3)?

4.5- 6.0 X 10 6 PER mm3
WHAT IS THE RANGE OF TOTAL LEUKOCYTES IN A HEALTHY PERSON (ANSWER IN CELLS per mm3)?

5,000- 10,000 PER mm3
WHAT IS THE PERCENTAGE OF THE AMERICAN POPULATION WITH TYPE A BLOOD

ABO Blood Type Population %'s TYPE A- 39%
WHAT IS THE PERCENTAGE OF THE AMERICAN POPULATION WITH TYPE AB BLOOD

ABO Blood Type Population %'s TYPE AB- 4%
WHAT IS THE PERCENTAGE OF THE AMERICAN POPULATION WITH TYPE B BLOOD

ABO Blood Type Population %'s TYPE B- 12%
WHAT IS THE PERCENTAGE OF THE AMERICAN POPULATION WITH TYPE O BLOOD

ABO Blood Type Population %'s TYPE O- 45%
NAME ONE FUNCTION OF HDL CHOLESTEROL

ACTS AS A SCAVENGER OF CHOLESTEROL IN THE BLOOD
GIVE ANOTHER NAME FOR AN ANTIBODY

Agglutinin
A PERSON WITH TYPE B AGGLUTINOGENS HAS WHICH TYPE OF AGGLUTININS IN THEIR BLOOD

AGGLUTININ A
A PERSON WITH TYPE A AGGLUTINOGENS HAS WHICH TYPE OF AGGLUTININS IN THEIR BLOOD

AGGLUTININ B
GIVE ANOTHER NAME FOR AN ANTIGEN

Agglutinogen
"__________ ARE LEUKOCYTES THAT HAVE SPHERICAL

OVAL OR KIDNEY SHAPED NUCLEI AND NO GRANULES "
NAME ONE OF THE TWO TYPES OF AGRANULOCYTES

Agranulocytes/Agranular Leukocytes- Lymphocytes/ Monocytes
LEUKOCYTES WANDER THROUGH THE BODY BY___________ TO REACH SITES OF INFLAMMATON OR TISSUE DESTRUCTION

Ameboid Motion
____________ INDICATES A DECREASED OXYGEN-CARRYING CAPACITY OF BLOOD

Anemia
PLASMA PROTEINS THAT REACT WITH RBC'S ANTIGENS CAUSING CLUMPING/ AGGLUTINATION ARE CALLED?

Antibodies/ Agglutinins
SPECIFIC GLYCOPROTEINS ON THE OUTER SURFACE OF THE RBC PLASMA MEMBRANE THAT ARE PART OF THE ABO BLOOD TYPING CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM ARE CALLED?

Antigens/ Agglutinogens
THE OPTIMUM SERUM CHOLESTEROL LEVEL FOR A NORMAL MIDDLE AGED MALE IS ________________ mg/dl

ANYTHING LESS THAN 200 mg/dl
NAME ONE TYPE OF ARTIFICIAL BLOOD

Artificial Blood- Fluosol/ Neohemocytes
__________ IS THE DISEASE PROCESS IN WHICH THE BODY'S BLOOD VESSELS BECOMEINCREASINGLY OCCLUDED BY PLAQUES

Atherosclerosis
WHAT CAUSES ATHEROSCLEROSIS

ATHEROSCLEROSIS - CAUSED BY EXCESS LDL / LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN DEPOSITION ON BLOOD VESSEL WALLS
DEFINE: ATHEROSCLEROSIS

ATHEROSCLEROSIS - OCCLUSION OF BLOOD VESSELS BY PLAQUES
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF B LYMPHOCYTES?

B Lymphocte
NAME ONE CELL B LYMPHOCYTES DIFFERENTIATE INTO

B Lymphocte- Plasma cells/ Memory B cells
WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE LEUKOCYTE POPULATION DO BASOPHILS MAKE UP?

Basophil- <1 %
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF BASOPHILS?

Basophil- granules contain vasodilator histamine/ mediate inflammatory response
DEFINE: BLEEDING TIME

"BLEEDING TIME - AFTER PRICKING A FINGER OR EARLOBE
__________IS A PROTECTIVE MECHANISM THAT MINIMIZES BLOOD LOSS WHEN BLOOD VESSELS ARE RUPTURED

Blood Clotting/ Coagulation
A DONOR WITH TYPE BLOOD AB CAN DONATE BLOOD TO WHAT BLOOD TYPE RECIPIENT

BLOOD TYPE AB ONLY
A DONOR WITH TYPE BLOOD A CAN DONATE BLOOD TO WHAT BLOOD TYPE RECIPIENT

"BLOOD TYPES A
A DONOR WITH TYPE BLOOD B CAN DONATE BLOOD TO WHAT BLOOD TYPE RECIPIENT

"BLOOD TYPES B
A DONOR WITH TYPE BLOOD O CAN DONATE BLOOD TO WHAT BLOOD TYPE RECIPIENT

"BLOOD TYPES O
____________ IS A SYSTEM OF BLOOD CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE PRESENCE OF SPECIFIC GLYCOPROTEINS ON THE OUTER SURFACE OF THE RBC PLASMA MEMBRANE

Blood Typing
A PERSON WITH TYPE O AGGLUTINOGENS HAS WHICH TYPE OF AGGLUTININS IN THEIR BLOOD

BOTH AGGLUTININ A AND B
__________ IS A MAJOR COMPONENT OF SMOOTH MUSCLE PLAQUES FORMED DURING ATHEROSCLEROSIS

Cholesterol
GIVE ONE FUNCTION OF CHOLESTEROL

"Cholesterol- Structural material in cell parts & cell membranes (to control fluidity) / furnishes molecular components for syntesis of sex hormones/ steroids
WHAT ARE THE TWO MAIN CONSTITUENTS OF WHOLE BLOOD?

Composition of blood- Plasma and Formed Elements
NAME ONE FUNCTION OF VLDL CHOLESTEROL

DELIVERS CHOLESTEROL / TRIGLYCERIDES TO CELLS/ DEPOSIT CHOLESTEROL ON BLOOD VESSEL WALLS
NAME ONE FUNCTION OF LDL CHOLESTEROL

DELIVERS CHOLESTEROL / TRIGLYCERIDES TO CELLS/ DEPOSIT CHOLESTEROL ON BLOOD VESSEL WALLS
___________ IS A PROCESS BY WHICH LEUKOCYTES HAVE THE ABILITY OF TO MOVE IN AND OUT OF BLOOD VESSELS

Diapedesis
NAME ONE FACTOR THAT AFFECTS THE CHOLESTEROL LEVEL IN YOUR BODY.

DIET/ ILLNESS/ DRUGS/ WEIGHT CHANGE/ GENETICS
A RECIPIENT WITH BLOOD TYPE B CANNOT RECEIVE BLOOD FROM A DONOR WITH BLOOD TYPE _________

DONOR A AND AB
A RECIPIENT WITH BLOOD TYPE A CANNOT RECEIVE BLOOD FROM A DONOR WITH BLOOD TYPE _________

DONOR B OR AB
A RECIPIENT WITH BLOOD TYPE O CAN RECEIVE BLOOD FROM A DONOR WITH BLOOD TYPE ________

DONOR O
NAME ONE ENDOGENOUS SOURCE OF CHOLESTEROL

Endogenous Sources- Acetyl coenzyme A/ glucose/ fatty acids
WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE LEUKOCYTE POPULATION DO EOSINOPHILS MAKE UP?

Eosinophil- 2-4%
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF EOSINOPHILS

Eosinophil- Counterattacking parasitic worms/ complex roles in allergies and asthma
____________ IS A HEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN

Erythroblastosis Fetalis
WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS?

Erythroblastosis Fetalis Treatment- The infant's Rh+ blood is removed and replaced with Rh- blood from a unsensitized donor.
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF RED BLOOD CELLS?

Erythrocytes/ Red Blood Cells (RBC)- Transport oxygen/ CO2
NAME ONE EXOGENOUS SOURCE OF CHOLESTEROL

Exogenous Sources- liver/ egg yolk/ brain/ whole milk/ butter/ cheese/ meats
FIBRINOGEN IS THE SOLUBLE FORM OF WHAT PROTEIN?

Fibrin
____________ IS ENZIMATICALLY PRECIPATED INTO INSOLUBLE FIBRIN

Fibrinogen
A WHITE MILKY SOLUTION OF ARTIFICIAL BLOOD CAPABLE OF CARRYING TWICE AS MUCH OXYGEN AS BLOOD IS CALLED_____________

Fluosol
WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE BLOOD IS COMPOSED OF FORMED ELEMENTS?

Formed Elements- 45%
NAME ONE OF THE FORMED ELEMENTS OF BLOOD

Formed elements- Rbc/ Wbc/ Platlets
__________ ARE LEUKOCYTES THAT HAVE PECULIARLY SHAPED NUCLEI AND GRANULES

Granulocytes/ Granulytic
WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE SLIDE USED IN LAB THAT IS SPECIALIZED FOR CELL COUNTING?

Hemacytometer
THE ETCHED SLIDE USED TO COUNT CELLS IS CALLED________

Hemacytometer
THE COUNTING OF CELLS IS CALLED____________

Hemacytometry
DURING WHAT BLOOD ACTIVITY WERE TUBES USED TO MEASURE PCV?

Hematocrit tubes / microhematocrits
THE CENTRIFUGING OF WHOLE BLOOD TO SEPARATE INTO IT'S CONSTITUENT PARTS IN A TEST TUBE IS CALLED_____________

Hematocrit/ Packed Cell Volume (PCV)
THE STEM CELL FOR ALL BLOOD CELL FORMATION IS CALLED A_______________

Hemocytoblast
GIVE THE ANATOMICAL TERM FOR BLOOD CLOTTING/ COAGULATION

Hemostasis
"WHAT DOES THE ABBREVIATION ""HDL"" STAND FOR? "

HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN
CHOLESTEROL BOUND INTO __________ IS DESTINED TO BE DEGRADED BY THE LIVER AND THEN ELIMINATED FORM THE BODY

High-density Lipoproteins (HDL)
DEFINE: LEUKEMIA

Leukemia- A malignant disorder of the lymphoid tissues
GIVE ONE OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LEUKEMIA

Leukemia- Uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal WBC's/ reduction in number of RBC's and platelets
WHAT IS THE NORMAL RANGE OF A WHITE BLOOD CELLS COUNT IN HUMANS (ANSWER IN CELLS per mm3)?

Leukocytes/ White blood Cells (WBC)- 4800-10800 PER mm3
GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF ONE GRANULOCYTE AND ONE AGRANULOCYTE

"Leukocytes/ White blood Cells (WBC)- Granulocytes
DEFINE: LEUKOCYTOSIS

LEUKOCYTOSIS - ABNORMALLY HIGH WBC / WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNT
NAME ONE CAUSE OF LEUKOCYTOSIS

LEUKOCYTOSIS- CAUSED BY BACTERIAL / VIRAL INFECTION / METABOLIC DISEASE / HEMHORRAGE / POISONING BY DRUGS OR CHEMICALS
DEFINE: LEUKOPENIA

LEUKOPENIA - DECREASE IN WBC'S BELOW NORMAL / <4000 / MM3 WBC'S
WHAT (NON-DISEASE) EXPOSURES MAY BE INDICATED BY THE PRESCENCE OF LEUKOPENIA?

Leukopenia- Excessive antibiotics/ X-ray therapy
LEUKOPENIA MAY INDICATE WHAT DISEASES (NAME ONLY ONE)?

"Leukopenia- Typhoid fever
NAME 1 FACTOR AFFECTING LOCAL BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE SKIN

LOCAL METABOLITES / OXYGEN SUPPLY / LOCAL TEMPERATURE / AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM IMPULSES / BLOOD VESSEL CONSTRICTION/DILATION (LOCAL VASCULAR REFLEXES) / HORMONES / SUBSTANCES RELEASED BY INJURED TISSUES
"WHAT DOES THE ABBREVIATION ""LDL"" STAND FOR? "

LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN
CHOLESTEROL BOUND INTO__________ TRAVELS TO THE BODY'S TISSUES AND WHEN LEVELS ARE HIGH WILL DEPOSIT CHOLESTEROL ON BLOOD VESSEL WALLS

Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE LEUKOCYTE POPULATION DO LYMPHOCYTES MAKE UP?

Lymphocyte- 25% +
NAME ONE OF THE TWO TYPES OF LYMPHOCYTES

"Lymphocyte- T or B Lymphocytes (take as well: memory
___________ ARE LARGE MULTINUCLEATE CELLS FORMED IN THE BONE MARROW FROM WHICH PLATLETS DEVELOP

Megakaryocytes
WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE LYMPHOCYTE POPULATION DO MONOCYTE MAKE UP?

Monocyte- 3-8%
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF MONOCYTE?

Monocyte- Active phagocytes/ increase dramatically during infections such as tuberculoisis
ARTIFICIAL RED BLOOD CELLS THAT CONSISIT OF MICROSCOPIC SPHERES OF HEMOGLOBIN SURROUNDED BY LIPIDS WITH THE CAPACITY TO CARRY OXYGEN ARE CALLED_____________

Neohemocytes
WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE LEUKOCYTE POPULATION DO NEUTROPHILS MAKE UP?

Neutrophil- 50-70%
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF NEUTROPHILS?

"Neutrophil- Active Phagocyte
A PERSON WITH TYPE AB AGGLUTINOGENS HAS WHICH TYPE OF AGGLUTININS IN THEIR BLOOD

NONE
WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE BLOOD IS COMPOSED OF PLASMA?

Plasma- 55%
WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE PLASMA IS COMPOSED OF WATER?

Plasma- 90% water
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF PLASMA CELLS

Plasma cells- Produce antibodies/ agglutinins
PLATLETES RELEASE_____________ DURING COAGULATION

Platelet Factor 3 (PF3)
APPROXIMATELY HOW MANY PLATELETS ARE FOUND PER mm3 OF BLOOD?

"Platlets- 250
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF PLATELETS?

Platlets- Seals tears in blood vessels/ blood clotting
THE INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF RBC'S IS CALLED___________

Polycythemia
"TF3

PF3 WITH CLOTTING FACTORS AND CALCIUM FORM________ "
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF A BLOOD SMEAR?

PROVIDES DIAGNOSTIC INFORMATION ON BLOOD DISEASES
WHAT IS THE NORMAL LIFE SPAN OF RBC'S?

RBC lifespan- 100-120 DAYS
WHAT IS THE MAIN GAS COMPONENT OF RED BLOOD CELLS

RBC's- Hemoglobin
THE LACK OF RH ANTIGEN ANTIGEN ON THE SURFACE IS CHARACTERIZED BY THE

RH-
ANOTHER GLYCOPROTEIN BLOOD TYPING SYSTEM THAT USES PLUSES AND MINUSES IS CALLED?

RH System
RH+
RH ANTIBODIES BEING PRODUCED AS A RESULT OF EXPOSURE TO RH+ ANTIGENS IS CALLED____________

Sensitization
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF T LYMPHOCYTES?

"T Lymphocyte- Play a regulatory role/ destroy grafts
PROTHROMBIN ACTIVATOR CONVERTS PROTHROMBIN TO____________

Thrombin
__________ CONVERTS FIRBRIONGEN TO FIBRIN

Thrombin
INJURED TISSUE RELEASES____________ DURING COAGULATION

Tissue Factor (TF)
A PERSON WITH A AGGLUTINOGEN ON THEIR RBC IS WHAT BLOOD TYPE?

TYPE A
A PERSON WITH AB AGGLUTINOGEN ON THEIR RBC IS WHAT BLOOD TYPE?

TYPE AB
A PERSON WITH B AGGLUTINOGEN ON THEIR RBC IS WHAT BLOOD TYPE?

TYPE B
A PERSON WITH O AGGLUTINOGEN ON THEIR RBC IS WHAT BLOOD TYPE?

TYPE O
NAME ONE CAUSE OF LEUKOPENIA

TYPHOID FEVER / MEASLES / INFECTIOUS HEPATITIS / CIRRHOSIS / TUBERCULOSIS / EXCESSIVE ANTIBIOTIC OR X-RAY THERAPY
A RECIPIENT WITH BLOOD TYPE AB CAN RECEIVE BLOOD FROM A DONOR WITH BLOOD TYPE ________

UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT/ A/ B/ AB/ O
WHAT DOES THE ABBREVIATION VLDL STAND FOR?

Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)
DEFINE: PULSE

Alternating surges of pressure (expansion and recoil) in an artery that occur with each contraction and relaxation of the left ventricle/heart
THE PULSE OBTAINED BY COUNTING OF HEARTBEATS IS CALLED THE _________ PULSE

Apical Pulse
IN WHAT GROUP OF PEOPLE IS A FINDING OF BRADYCARDIA POSITIVE AND NORMAL?

Athletes
WHAT CAN BE AUSCULTATED ABOVE THE LEFT NIPPLE ON THE SURFACE OF THE THORACIC CAVITY/ RIBS?

Auscultation of Semilunar Valves/ Auscultation of AV Valves/ Heart beats
THE ABITLITY OF THE HEART MUSCLE TO DEPOLARIZE SPONTANEOUSLY IN THE ABSENCE OF EXTERNAL STIMULATION IS CALLLED___________

Automacity/ Intrinsic conduction
NERVES OF THE ____________ SYSTEM ACCELERATE OR DECELERATE THE HEARTBEAT RATE DEPENDING ON WHICH DIVISION IS ACTIVATED

Autonomic Nervous System
A HEART RATE BELOW 60 BEATS/MIN IS REFERRED TO AS_____________

Bradycardia
WHAT OCCURS DURING THE CARDIAC CYCLE?

Cardiac Cycle- The contraction and relaxation of both the Atria and Ventricles
A LARGE PULSE DEFICIT IS INDICATIVE OF WHAT HEART PROBLEMS (GIVE ONLY ONE ANSWER)

Cardiac impairment/ low cardiac output/ abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmia)
THE BLOOD PRESSURE TEST IN WHICH ONE HAND IS IMMERSED IN VERY COLD WATER IS CALLED THE _____________

Cold Pressor Test
SKIN SENSITIVITY LEADING TO SWELLING AT THE POINT OF MECHANICAL STIMULATION IS CALLLED_________

Dermographism
_____________ IS A CONDITION IN WHICH A DIRECT LINE OF MECHANICAL STIMULATION SWELLS

DERMOGRAPHISM / DERMATOGRAPHISM
VENTRICULAR RELAXATION DURING THE CARDIAC CYCLE IS CALLED?

Diastole
PACEMAKERS APPEARING ERRATICALLY AND AT ABNORMAL SITES IN THE HEART MUSCLE IS CALLED ___________

Ectopic Pacemakers
DEFINE: ELECTROCARDIOGRAM

EKG/ECG- The graphical representation of the elctrical activities of the heart.
THE INSTRUMENT THAT RECORDS THE ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF THE HEART IS CALLED AN ______________

Electrocardiograph
NAME ONE FACTOR THAT MAY EFFECT/ ALTER BLOOD PRESSURE

"Factors effecting BP- Age
NAME ONE FACTOR THAT INFLUENCES SKIN COLOR

"Factors influencing Skin Color- Local metabolites
____________ IS A CONDITION OF RAPID UNCOORDINATED HEART CONTRACTIONS

Fibrillation
_________ ARE ABNORMAL HEART SOUNDS

Heart Murmurs
WHAT CAUSES HEART MURMURS?

Heart Murmurs- Valvular problems/ failure of valves to close tightly
"A LARGER THAN NORMAL CONCENTRATION OF POTASSIUM OUTSIDE THE CELLS THAT DECREASES RESTING POTENTIAL OF PLASMA MEMBRANES

THEREBY DECREASING THE FORCE OF HEART CONTRACTION IS CALLLED__________ "
"DURING THE COLD PRESSOR TEST SUBJECTS THAT HAVE A RISE OF DIASTOLIC OR SYSTOLIC PRESSURE OF 22mm OF Hg OR MORE

WHICH ISN'T NORMAL
"DURING THE COLD PRESSOR TEST SUBJECTS THAT HAVE A RISE OR FALL OF DIASTOLIC OR SYSTOLIC PRESSURE OF BETWEEN 0 AND 22mm OF Hg

WHICH IS NORMAL
"THE__________ SYSTEM CONSISITS OF SPECIALIZED NONCONTRACTILE MYOCARDIAL TISSUE

THAT EXERTS CONTROL ON THE RYTHMIC BEATING OF THE HEART "
NAME ONE OF THE TWO SOUNDS THAT CAN BE HEARD DURING THE CARDIAC CYCLE

"Lub
"SMALLER VESSELS THAT ARE EXPOSED TO LESS EXTREME PRESSURE FLUCTUATIONS

BUT HAVE SUBSTANTIAL SMOOTH MUSCLE IN THE TUNICA MEDIA ARE CALLED_____ ARTERIES "
DEFINE: CARDIAC CYCLE

"One complete heartbeat
NAME ONE SUPEFICIAL ARTERY WHERE THE PULSE IS EASILY PALPAYED

Palpating Pulse (Vessels)- Facial Artery/ Superficial Temporal Artery/ Common Carotid Artery/ Brachial Artery/ Poplietal Artery/ Posterior Tibial Artery/ Dorsalis Pedis Artery
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE PULSE AND THE APICAL PULSE IS CALLED______________

Pulse Deficit
PURKINJE FIBERS ARE NOT FIBERS BUT ESSENTAILLY LONG STRANDS OF BARREL-SHAPED CELLS CALLED?

Purkinje Myocytes
THE SPONTANEOUS DEPOLARIZATION- REPOLARIZATION EVENTS THAT OCCUR IN A REGULAR AND CONTINOUS MANNER IN THE CARDIAC MUSCLE IS KNOWN AS ____________________

Rhythmicity
"THE ""LUP"" HEARD WHEN LISTENING TO THE HEART SOUNDS IS CAUSED BY THE CLOSURE OF WHAT VALVES? "

Right and Left A.V valves/ bicuspid/ tricuspid/ mitral
WHAT IS THE SA NODE OFTEN REFERRED TO AS BECAUSE IT KEEPS THE HEART BEATING AT A STABLE RATE?

SA node- the Pacemaker
"DURING THE BLOOD PRESSURE READING

AS PRESSURE IN THE SPHYGMOMANOMETER IS SLOWLY RELEASED THE ______________ ARE HEARD "
NAME THE INSTRUMENT USED TO MEASURE BLOOD PRESSURE (NOT THE STETHESCOPE!)

Sphygmomanometer
"NAME THE INSTRUMENT LABELED ""A"" WITH THE PINK TAPE "

STETHESCOPE
NAME THE ONE OF THE INSTRUMENTS USED TO MEASURE BLOOD PRESSURE

STETHESCOPE/ Sphygmomanometer
VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION DURING THE CARDIAC CYCLE IS CALLED?

Systole/ Ventricular Systole
A HEART RATE ABOVE OVER 100 BEATS/MIN IS REFERRED TO AS_____________

Tachycardia
THE PRESSURE FLUXUATION THAT IS DO TO THE SHUTTING OF THE AORTIC SEMILUNAR VALVE WHICH CAUSES A MOMENTARY INCREASE IN AORTIC PRESSURE DUE TO ELASTIC RECOIL OF THE AORTA IS CALLED________

The Dicrotic Notch
Which heart sound is the loudest?

The First Heart sound / Also accept the closing of the A.V. Valves/ Aortic Semilunar Valve closing
WHERE IS THE BEST PLACE TO AUSCULTATE THE HEART SOUNDS?

The left side of the chest below the left nipple / mitral / OR right side of chest near top of heart rib 2-3 / aortic
DEFINE: BLOOD PRESSURE

"The pressure the blood exerts against any unit area of the blood vessel walls
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEENTHE SYSTOLIC PULSE AND THE DAISTOLIC PULSE IS CALLED___________

The Pulse Pressure
DEFINE: FLARE

THE REDNESS DUE TO MECHANICAL STIMULATION OF THE SKIN DUE TO LOCAL INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE / CAUSED BY CHEMICAL MEDIATORS FROM INJURED TISSUES
"THE ""DUP"" HEARD WHEN LISTENING TO THE HEART SOUNDS IS CAUSED BY THE CLOSURE OF WHAT VALVES? "

"The Semi-Lunar Valves
"EXCESSIVE VAGAL STIMULATION THAT STOPS THE HEART

AFTER WHICH THE VENTRICLES WILL BEGIN TO CONTRACT AGAIN IS KNOWN AS _____________________ "
GIVE ONE REASON VAGAL ESCAPE MAY OCCUR

Vagal Escape- Sympathetic reflexes/ initiation of rhythm by the purkinjie fibers
SYSTOLIC PRESSURE IS THE PRESSURE MEASURED DURING WHAT PART OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE?

Ventricular contraction
DIASTOLIC PRESSURE IS THE PRESSURE MEASURED DURING WHAT PART OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE?

Ventricular relaxation
DEFINE: WHEAL

WHEAL - EXCESSIVELY SWOLLEN AREA DUE TO MECHANICAL STIMULATION (SEEN DURING DERMOGRAPHISM)
"WHAT PARTS OF THE HEART ARE REFERRED TO AS THE ""LITTLE EARS"" AND LIE ABOVE THE ATRIA ON EACH SIDE OF THE HEART "

Auricles
WHERE DOES DEOXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE HEART ITSELF COLLECT AND EMPTY INTO THE RIGHT ATRIUM?

Coronary Sinus
"IN THE FETUS

_________ ALLOWS BLOOD TO PASS DIRECTLY FROM THE PULMONARY TRUNK TO THE AORTA
__________ IS A FETAL CIRCULATION SHUNT THAT BYPASSES THE FETAL LIVER

Ductus Venosus
BLOOD VESSELS THAT ARE CLOSER TO THE PUMPING HEART AND MUST WITH EXPAND TO WITHSTAND PRESSURE FLUCTUATIONS ARE CALLED__________ ARTERIES

Elastic Arteries
THE TUNICA INTIMA CONSISTS OF A SINGLE THIN LAYER OF _________

Endothelium
"_________ ALLOWS BLOOD TO PASS FORM THE RIGHT TO THE LEFT ATRIUM

THUS BYPASSING THE FETAL LUNGS "
WHAT IS THE OVAL DEPRESSION REMNANT OF THE FORAMEN OVALE CALLED?

Fossa Ovalis
"BECAUSE CARDIAC MUSCLES ARE ELECTRICALLY CONNECTED BY GAP JUNCTIONS

THE ENTIRE MYOCARDIUM BEHAVES LIKE A SINGLE UNIT CALLED A _______________ "
THIS IS A CORD-LIKE REMNANT OF THE DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS

Ligamentum Arteriosum
____________ IS A CORD-LIKE REMNANT OF THE UMBILICAL VEINS

Ligamentum Teres/ Round Ligament
________ IS A FIBROUS BAND REMNANT OF THE DUCTUS VENOSUS

Ligamentum Venosus
________ IS A CORD-LIKE REMNANT OF THE UMBILICAL ARTERIES

Medial Umbilical Ligaments
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE MODERATOR BAND?

Moderator Band- Contains a branch of the atrrioventricular bundle/ helps coordinate contraction of the ventricle/ connects the interventricular septum to the anterior papillary muscles
WHAT ARE THE MUSCLES INSIDE THE AURICLES CALLED?

Pectinate Muscle
DEFINE PERICARDITIS

PERICARDITIS - INFLAMMATION OF THE PERICARDIUM
NAME 1 CHARACTERISTIC OF PERICARDITIS

PERICARDITIS - PAINFUL ADHESION OF PERICARDIAL LAYERS / INTERFERENCE WITH HEART MOVEMENTS
THE PITTED AND RIDGES APPEARANCE OF THE INNER VENTRICULAR MUSCLE IS CALLED?

Trabeculae Carnae
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE TUNICA EXTERNA/ ADVENTITIA?

Tunica Externa/ Adventitia- SUPPORT/ PROTECTION
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE TUNICA INTERNA/ INTIMA?

Tunica Interna/ Intima- Helps decrease resistance to blood flow
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE TUNICA MEDIA?

Tunica Media- Plays an active role in regulating the diameter of blood vessels/ alters peripheral resisitance / blood pressure
THE WALLS OF BLOOD VESSELS ARE CONSTRUCTED OF THREE COATS OR _____________

Tunics
THE _____________ IS A FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM THAT RECOGNIZES SOMETHING AS FOREIGN AND ACTS TO DESTROY OR NEUTRALIZE IT

Adaptive Immune System
LYMPH ENTERS THE LYMPH NODE VIA ______________

Afferent Vessels
WHAT DO PLASMA CELLS PRODUCE?

Antibodies / agglutinins
________ ARE A HETEROGENOUS GROUP OF PROTEINS THAT COMPRISE THE GENERAL CLASS OF PLASMA PROTEINS CALLED GAMMA GLOBULINS

Antibodies/ Immunoglobins (Igs)
THE VARIABLE REGIONS OF THE LIGHT AND HEAVY CHAINS IN EACH ARM OF THE IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONSTRUCT ONE _____________ WHICH IS UNIQUELY SHAPED TO FIT A SPECIFIC ANTIGENIC DETERMINANT OF AN ANITGEN

Antigen-Binding Site
MACROMOLECULES THAT ARE CAPABLE OF PROVOKING AN IMMUNE REPONSE AND REACTING WITH THE IMMUNE SYSTEMS PRODUCTS ARE SAID TO BE__________

Antigenic
THE VARIABLE REGIONS OF THE LIGHT AND HEAVY CHAINS IN EACH ARM OF THE IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONSTRUCT ONE ANTIGEN-BINDING SITE WHICH IS UNIQUELY SHAPED TO FIT A SPECIFIC __________________ OF AN ANTIGEN

Antigenic Determinant
AN INABILTY TO RECOGNIZE SELF FROM NONSELF WITH THE IMMUNE SYSTEM ATTACKING IT'S OWN TISSUES IS CALLED_________

Autoimmunity
WHERE DO B CELLS/ LYMPHOCYTES DIFFERENTIATE?

Bcells (B Lymphocytes)- Bone marrow
WHAT IS THE FIBROUS OUTER COVERING OF THE LYMPH NODE CALLED?

Capsule (Fibrous)
THE ENLARGED TERMINUS OF THE THORACIC DUCT THAT RECEIVES LYMPH FROM THE DIGESTIVE VISCERA IS CALLED______________

Cisterna Chyli
"_________ IS TRIGGERED WHEN AN ANTIGEN BINDS THE SPECIFIC CELL-SURFACE RECEPTORS OF A T OR B CELL

CREATING A PROLIFERATION OF CLONED LYMPHOCYTES
"HEAVY CHAINS AND LIGHT CHAINS HAVE A ____________

IN WHICH THE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE IS IDENTICAL IN BOTH CHAINS "
THE OUTER REGION OF THE LYMPH NODE IS CALLED THE ___________

Cortex
INVAGINATIONS OF THE MUCOSAL EPITHELIUM OF THE TONSILS ARE CALLED?

Crypts
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE CRYPTS OF THE TONSILS?

Crypts- Trap bacteria and other foreign matter tio be destroyed
AFTER CLONAL SELECTION T CELLS DIFFERENTIATE INTO WHAT CELLS (NAME ONLY ONE)?

"Cytotoxic/ Killer T cells
DEFINE: CELLULAR IMMUNITY

Direct / adaptive immunity mediated by T cells
EACH MONOMER OF AN IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONSISTS OF A HEAVY AND LIGHT CHAIN BOUND TOGETHER BY ____________

Disulfide Bridges
THE ACCULMULATION OF FLUID IN TISSUES IS CALLED____________

Edema
WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF THE INVOLUTION (SHRINKING) OF THE THYMUS WITH AGE

Effect of Age on Immunity- Immunodefiency of the elderly/ less differentiation of T lymphocytes
LYMPH EXITS THE LYMPH NODE VIA THE ______________

Efferent Vessels
"ORIGINALLY USED TO MEASURE ANTIBODY TITER

_____________ HAS BEEN MODIFIED FOR USE IN HIV-1 BLOOD SCREENING "
ELISA IS AN AN ACRONYM FOR WHAT?

ELISA- Enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay
GIVE ONE CHARACTERISTIC AREA INSIDE A TONSIL

Follicles/ Germinal Centers/ Crypts
ANTIBODIES/ IMMUNOGLOBINS ARE A HETEROGENOUS GROUP OF PROTEINS THAT COMPRISE THE GENERAL CLASS OF PLASMA PROTEINS CALLED

Gamma Globulins
THE PART OF THE CORTEX OF THE LYMPH NODES THAT CONTAIN RAPIDLY DIVIDING B CELLS AND HAVE CELLS ARRANGED INTO GLOBULAR MASSES IS CALLED__________

Germinal Centers
THE HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT CHAIN OF AN IMMUNOGLOBULIN IS CALLED IT'S _________________

Heavy Chain(s)
WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE AREA FROM WHICH EFFERENT VESSELS EXIT THE LYMPH NODE?

Hilum
NAME ONE OF THE FIVE CLASSES OF IMMUNOGLOBINS

"IgM
THE IMMUNE RESPONSE PROTECTS US FROM WHAT (GIVE ONLY ONE ANSWER)?

Immune Response- Bacterial/ viral infections/ bacterial toxins/ cancer
LYMPHOCYTES BECOME______________ AN EVENT INDICATED BY THE APPEARANCES OF SPECIFIC CELL-SURFACE PROTEINS THAT ENABLE THE LYMPHOCYTES TO RESPOND (BY BINDING) TO A PARTICULAR ABTIGEN

Immunocompetent
DEFINE: HUMORAL IMMUNITY

Indirect immunity mediated by B cells / antibodies of B-cells or plasma cells
THE LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT CHAIN OF AN IMMUNOGLOBULIN IS CALLED IT'S _________________

Light Chain(s)
LYMPH IS FILTERED THROUGH WHAT BEAN-SHAPED STRUCTURES?

Lymph Nodes
LYMPH CIRCULATES THROUGH __________ BEFORE EXITING THE NODE

Lymph Sinuses
________ RAMIFY THROUGH NEARLY ALL THE TISSUES OF THE BODY AND PICK UP LEAKED PLASMA/ FLUID

Lymphatic Capillaries
LYMPHATIC CAPILLARIES SEND LYMPH TO LYMPHATIC EVESSELS AND THE LARGER______________

Lymphatic Collecting Vessels
LYMPHATIC COLLECTING VESSELS SEND LYMPH TO THE LARGER_________ BEFORE SENDING IT BACK TO VASCULAR CIRCULATION

Lymphatic Trunks
"THESE PHAGOTITIC CELLS ARE FOUND INSIDE LYMPH NODES AND DESTROY BACTERIA

CANCER CELLS
THE INTERNAL PART OF THE LYMPH NODE WITH CELLS THAT ARE ARRANGED IN A CORD-LIKE FASHION IS CALLED THE __________

Medulla
_______________ IS A CANCER OF THE BONE MARROW CHARACTERIZED BY THE PRODUCTION OF ABNORMAL ANTIBODIES

Multiple Myeloma
NAME ONE AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE

"Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
AFTER CLONAL SELECTION B CELLS DIFFERENTIATE INTO WHAT CELLS (NAME ONLY ONE!)?

Plasma cells / memory B cells
NAME ONE PRIMARY LYMPHOID ORGAN

Primary Lymphoid Organs- Thymus/ bone marrow
THE BULK OF THE SPLEEN CONSISTS OF _____________ COMPOSED OF VENOUS SINUSES AND AREAS OF RETICULAR TISSUE AND MACROPHAGES

Red Pulp
GIVE ONE FUNCTION OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

"Return of plasma/ lymph to blood vascular system
"__________ DRAINS LYMPH FROM THE RIGHT UPPER EXTREMITY

HEAD
NAME ONE SECONDARY LYMPHOID AREA

Secondary Lymphoid Areas- Lymph nodes/ spleen/ tonsils/ appendix
GIVE ONE CHARACTERISTIC OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE

"Specific
GIVE ONE EXAMPLE OF A LYMPHOID ORGAN

"Spleen
WHAT IS THE AREA OF RETICULAR TISSUE AND MACROPHAGES WITHIN THE SPLEEN CALLED?

Splenic Cords
SWOLLEN GLANDS REFERS TO THE SWELLING OF WHAT CLUSTERED STRUCTURES?

Swollen Glands- Lymph Nodes
WHERE DO T CELLS/ LYMPHOCYTES DIFFERENTIATE?

T Cells (T Lymphocytes)- Thymus
GIVE ONE OF THE CONSTITUENT PARTS OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

"The Lymphatic System- LYMPHATIC VESSELS (LYMPHATICS)
THE LARGE___________RECEIVES LYMPH FROM THE BULK OF THE BODY

Thoracic Duct
___________ARE CONNECTIVE TISSUE SEPTA THAT EXTEND INTO THE LYMPH NODE TO DIVIDE THE NODE INTO SEVERAL COMPARTMENTS

Trabeculae (Septa)
WHAT PREVENTS LYMPH BACKFLOW IN LYMPHATIC VESSELS?

Valves
"HEAVY CHAINS AND LIGHT CHAINS HAVE A CONSTANT ( C ) REGION IN WHICH THE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE IS IDENTICAL IN BOTH CHAINS

AND A _____________
"CLUSTERED AROUND CENTRAL ARTERIES

AREAS OF LYMPHOCYTES SUSPENDED IN RETICULAR FIBERS IN THE SPLEEN ARE CALLED_______________ "
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF WHITE PULP?

White Pulp- Immune function of the spleen
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE HEART WHEN BATHED IN SOLUTION WITH POTASSIUM IONS?

Potassium (K+) weakens heart contractions / MAY CAUSE ARRYTHMIA
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE HEART WHEN BATHED IN SOLUTION WITH ATROPINE SULFATE?

Atropine Sulfate speeds up the heart rate
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE HEART WHEN BATHED IN SOLUTION WITH COLD RINGER'S?

Cold Ringer�s slows down the heart rate
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE HEART WHEN BATHED IN SOLUTION WITH SODIUM IONS?

DECREASED STRENGTH / DECREASED RATE OF CONTRACTION / MAY CAUSE ARRYTHMIA
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE HEART WHEN BATHED IN SOLUTION WITH DIGITALIS?

Digitalis slows the heart rate and steadies contraction
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE HEART WHEN BATHED IN SOLUTION WITH EPINEPHRINE?

Epinephrine speeds up the heart rate
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE HEART WHEN BATHED IN SOLUTION WITH CALCIUM IONS?

INCREASED STRENGTH OF CONTRACTION / INDUCES SPASTICITY / MAY CAUSE ARRHYTHMIA
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE HEART WHEN BATHED IN SOLUTION WITH PILOCARPINE?

Pilocarpine slows the heart rate
WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM CONTROL ON THE HEART?

The Parasympathetic Nervous System slows the heart rate
WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM CONTROL ON THE HEART?

The Sympathetic Nervous System speeds up the heart rate
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE HEART WHEN BATHED IN A SOLUTION WITH WARM RINGER'S?

Warm Ringer�s solution speeds up the heart rate

Author

Anonymous

137660

Card Set

quiz2anatomy.csv

Description

study questions for hunter college blood quiz

Updated

2012-02-25T23:11:18Z

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