muscles.txt

• Location: Frontal Bone
• Action: Raises skin on forehead; raises eyebrows

• Location: Occipital Bone
• Action: Draws Scalp Back

• Location: Circles mouth; lips
• Action: Closes and shapes lips

• Location: Around Eye
• Funcion: Closes eye, produces blinking

• Location: Cheek muscle
• Action: Elevates and protracts mandible, prime mover of lower jaw.

• Location: Over Temple
• Action: elevates and retracts mandible

• Location: Behind ear to sternum and clavicle
• Action: unilateral action, lateral flexion, rotation of head to opposite side.

• Location: Up and down center of abdomen, xyphoid process to pubic bone.
• Action: Flexes vertebral column, compresses abdominal wall

• Location: Ribs to Linea Alba
• Action: Lateral flexion of vertebral column to opposite side, flexes vertebral column.

• Location: Top of hip to Linea Alba
• Action: Lateral flexion of vertebral column

• Location: Crosswise around belly and back
• Action: Lateral flexion of vertebrae, flexes vertebral column, compresses abdominal wall.

• Location: lines bottom of thoracic cavity
• Action: Contraction lowers diaphragm and increases size of thoracic cavity.

• Location: Between ribs � toward outside
• Action: Elevates ribs during inhalation

• Location: Between Ribs � toward inside
• Action: Depresses ribs during forced exhalation

• Location: Cervicle Vertebrae to 1st rib
• Action: Flex neck, elevate 1st and 2nd ribs during forced inhalation.

• Location: 3 subgroups, total of �9� separate muscles. They are located on the back, on the dorsal surface of the ribs and vertebral column
• Action: Extend the head and vertebral column.

• Location: There are �3� of these muscles. They are located on the front of the vertebral column and ribs
• Action: flex and rotate the head and to assist in inspiration.

• Location: scapula to ribs
• Action: protracts and depresses scapula

• Location: ribs to medial border of scapula
• Action: Prime mover in scapula protraction

• Location: Occipiatl bone to clavical
• Action: retract, elevate and depress scapula

• Location: Cervical vertebrae to scapula
• Action: elevates and rotates scapula

• Location: Scapula to spine (C2 � T5)
• Action: elevates and retracts scapula

• Location: Clavicle to humerus
• Action: Prive mover of arm; flexion, adducts & rotates medially

• Location: Spine to Humerus
• Action: prime mover of arm, extension, adducts and medially rotates arm

• Location: Scapula to Humerus
• Action: adducts and flexes arm

• Location: Clavicle to humerus
• Action: flex and medially rotate arm, abduction, extend and laterally rotate arm.

• Location: Scapula (suprascapular fossa) to humerus
• Action: abducts arm

• Location: bottom of scapula to humerus
• Action: adducst and laterally rotates arm

• Location: Scapula to humerus
• Action: extends adducts and medially rotates arm

• Location: Scapula to Humerous
• Action: adduct and lateral rotate

• Location: Scapula to radius
• Action: flex forearm, supinator

• Location: humerus to ulna
• Action: primary flexor of forearm

• Location: Humerus to ulna
• Action: Primary extensor of forearm, extends and adducts

• Location: humerus to ulna
• Action: extends forearm

• Location: Humerus to radius
• Action: flexes forearm

• Location: Humerus/Ulna to radius
• Action: Supinates forearm

• Location: Humerus/Ulna to Radius
• Action: pronates forearm

• Location: Humerus to base of metacarpals
• Action: flexes wrist, adducts hand

• Location: Humerus to hand
• Action: weak wrist flexor

• Location: Humerus to base of metacarpals
• Action: extends wrist, abducts hand

• Location: Fleshy mass at base of thumb
• Action: flexes and abducts thumb

• Location: Palm of hand
• Action: flexes and abducts fingers 2 � 5

• Location: fleshy mass at base oflittle finger
• Action: flexes and abducts finger 5

• Location: vertebrae to Femur
• Action: Flexes Thigh

• Location: Pelvic girdle (iliac fossa) to femur
• Action: flexes thigh

• Location: Ilium to Femur
• Action: Extends Thigh

• Location: Ilium to Femur
• Action: abducts thigh

• Location: Ilium - Femur
• Action: abducts thigh

• Location: down side of thigh
• Action: abducts thigh

• Location: pubic symphysis to femur
• Action: Adducts thigh

• Location: Under Adductor Longus
• Action: Adducts Thigh

• Location: Medial thigh
• Action: adducts thigh

• Location: Sacram to femur
• Action: laterally rotates thigh

• Location: Pelvic Area
• Action: Laterally rotates thigh

• Location: Pelvic Area
• Action: adducts thigh

• Location: Center of thigh
• Action: extends leg, flexes thigh

• Location: Lateral side of thigh
• Action: extends leg

• Location: medial side of thigh
• Action: extends leg

• Location: between lateralis and medialis under rectus femoris
• Action: extends leg

• Location: back of thigh
• Action: rotates let laterally, extends thigh & flexes leg medially

• Location: Back of thigh
• Action: rotates leg laterally, extends thigh and flexes leg. Rotates leg medially

• Location: Back of thigh
• Action: rotates leg medially

• Location: longest muscle of the calf
• Action: flexes leg

• Location: back of calf under gastrocnemius
• Action: Flexes Foot

• Location: back of calf
• Action: everts foot

• Location: along shin
• Action: inverts foot

• Location: calf
• Action: inverts foot

Frowning or sorrow muscle (corner of eyebrows down)

Kissing Muscle (around mouth)

Trumpeter muscle (in cheeks)

• Surprise Muscle
• (eyebrows up)

Chewing Muscle

Serratis amteropr

Widest or broadest muscle of the back

• Tailors muscle (longest muscle of the body)
• Outer portion of pelvic girdle, cuts across thigh

Hamstrings

Calf of the leg

• Achilles tendon
• (calcaneal tendon)

Rotator (musculotendinous) cuff

• 1. Excitability: Notable response to stimuli
• 2. Contractility: Shortens
• 3. Extensibility: Can Stretch
• 4. Elasticity: Returns to original shape

• 1. Body Movement: Muscles contract and pull to move bones
• 2. Maintenance of posture: Specific skeletal muscles stabilize joints
• 3. Temperature regulation: Energy required for muscle tissue contraction generates heat which maintains body temperature.
• 4. Support and movement of materials: Digestive system
• 5. Support: Protection of organs and support their weight within the abdominopelvic cavity

Around entire muscle organ

A group or bundle of muscle fibers

Surrounds or defines a fascicle

Around each muscle cell

Cell membrane of muscle cell

Surrounded by endomysium

• � Skeletal, striated, or voluntary
• � Cardiac or heart
• � Smooth, non-striated, visceral or involuntary

• Fascia: Flat or membranous sheet of connective tissue
• � Superficial fascia: Also called �hypodermis� or �subcutaneous� tissue
• � Deep Fascia: Is the type associated with muscles � it binds and separates muscles, strengthens them, and allows for movement. It gives rise to the epimysium, perimysium, endomysium, tendons, aponeuroses and tendon sheaths associated with skeletal muscles.

End of muscle to muscle

Broad flat tendon

Where muscle attaches to bone � doesn�t move

Attaches to the moving part

Main part of muscle

Typically one artery and one or two veins with a nerve; each muscle cell in close contact with one or more capillaries; each muscle fiber innervated by a nerve process

• Single muscle cell
• Function: Metabolic activities; contraction

• Plasma membrane of a muscle fiber
• Function: Surrounds muscle fiber and regulates entry and exit of materials

• Cytoplasm of a muscle fiber
• Function: Site of metabolic processesfor normal muscle fiber activities

• Series of membrane enclosed channels; comparable to E.R.
• Function: stores calcium ions needed for muscle contraction

At right angles to long axis of cell; opens to outside of sarcolemma � thus contains extracellular fluid

• Consists of T-Tubule and adjacent terminal cisternae
• (see sketch in workbook p109)

Consists of (3) types of myofilaments

• Play a large part in contraction
• Can change shape

Contractile; have myosin binding sites; bean or pea shaped; twisted together into a helix

Cover myosin binding sites on actin in a relaxed muscle fiber

Holds Tropomyosin strands together

Tropomyosin attached to troponin

Twice as large as thin. Assembled from budles of myosin

Looks like 2 golfclubs twisted together; a �motor protein� � uses ATP to push or pull molecules

The �golf club� heads; have actin binding sites

Not as abundant as contractile proteins (actin and myosin); approx a dozen types: for alignment, stability, elasticity, extensibility, etc. of myofibrils

Attaches things together. i.e. anchors thick filaments to the z line (disc) helps recoil after contraction

Stack or unit of myofilaments; from z line to z line

Define sarcomere; pass through i band

Thick and thin myofilaments � overlapping

Thin myofilaments only

Thick myfilaments only

Middle of H zone