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Most common type of nephrotic syndrome in HIV patients?
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
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Most common cause of Nephrotic syndrome in adults?
In kids?
- Membranous glomerulonephritis- spike and dome
- Minimal Change Disease- podocyte foot effacement
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Membrano-Proliferative glomerulonephritis is seen in what 5 dz conditions?
Type I?
Type II?
- Type I--tram track appearance
- HBV
- HCV
- SLE
- Mixed cryoglobulinemia
- Subacute bacterial glomerulonephritis
- Type II---C3 nephritic factor
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Glomerulonephritis associated with hypocomplemetemia?
- PSGN
- Lupus nephritis
- Membranoproliferative type II
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Renal Dz associated with
diffuse capillary thickening?
Membranous glomerulonephritis
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Renal Dz associated with
Hypercellular glomeruli?
PSGN
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Renal Dz associated with linear pater of immune complex deposition?
Good Pasture
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Renal Dz associated with deposition of IgG, IgM, IgA and C3 in mesangium?
Bergers IgA nephropathy
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Renal Dz associated with Nodular glomerulosclerosis?
Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesion-Diabetic Glomerulopathy
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Renal Dz associated with most common nephrotic syndrome in adults?
Membranous Glomerulonephritis
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Renal Dz associated with podocyte foot effacement?
Minimal Change disease
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Renal Dz associated with hep B?
Membrano Proliferative GN
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Renal Dz associated with HIV?
Focal Segmental Glomerulonephritis
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Renal Dz associated with anti-GBM antibodies, hematuria, hemoptysis?
Good Pasture
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Renal Dz associated with subendothelial humps and tram-track appearance?
Membranoproliferative Type I
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Renal Dz associated with cataracts, deafnes and nephritis?
Alport's syndrome
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Renal Dz associated with crescent formation in the glomeruli
- RPGN--Alports
- wegeners
- Microscopic Polyangitis
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Renal Dz associated with segmental sclerosis and hylanosis?
Focal segmental glomerulonephritis
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Renal Dz associated with purpura on back of arms, legs, abdominal pain and IgA nephropathy?
Henoch-SChloei Purpura
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Renal Dz associated with Wire-loop appearance?
SLE
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Renal Dz associated with apple-green bifringence with congo-red stain under polarized light?
Amyloidosis
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Renal Dz associated with spiking of the GBM due to electron dense subepithelial deposits?
Membranous glomerulonephritis
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Renal Dz associated with RBC cast?
glomerulonephritis
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Renal Dz associated with WBC cast?
- pyelonephritis
- acute interstitial nephritis-eosinophilia
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Renal Dz associated with bacterial cast?
pyelonephritis
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Renal Dz associated with epithelial cast?
Acute Tubular Necrosis
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Renal Dz associated with Waxy cast?
Chronic renal failure
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Renal Dz associated with granular muddy casts?
Acute tubular necrosis
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4 causes of Renal Papillary Necrosis?
- Diabetes
- Acute pyelonephritis
- Chronic acetominophen
- Sickle cell
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5 causes for Eosinophilia?
- Neoplasm
- Allergy
- Asthma
- Collagen Vascular disease
- Parasites
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TUmors producing polycythemia?
- Paraneoplastic--pheochromocytoma
- Hails-Hemangioblastoma
- RBC--RCC
- Hyperplasia- HCC
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2 Loffler's conditions?
- Loffler eosinophilic pneumonitis
- Loffler's cardiomyopathy
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Reasons for Eosinophilia?
- Drugs
- Neoplasm
- Allergy
- Addison's adrenal insufficiency
- Acute interstitial nephritis
- Astham
- Collagen Vascular disease
- Parasites--Loffler's eosinophilic pneumonitis
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Macrophages in joints?
A-cells
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Russell cells?
Ig chains accumulated in the cytoplasm
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What are the 2 accelerating factors in a clotting cycle?
5 and 8
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What protein breaks down accelerating factors?
Protein C and protein S
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2 drugs that inhibit thrombin?
- Heparin via ATIII
- Bivalirudin
-
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Direct inhibitors of thrombin?
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Why is warfarin usually started with heparin?
bc acutely warfarin induces a hyper-coagulable state by decreasing protein C and S
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What 2 molecules increase permeability, vasodilation and pain?
bradykinin, histamine, serotonin
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3 GpIIb/IIIa antibodies?
- Abciximab
- Tirofiban
- Eptifibatide
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What pathology of the kidney produces increased levels of EPO?
any pathology i.e hydronephrosis, cyst, Renal cell carcinoma
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Rx for heparin induced HITT?
Bivalirudin, levalirudin
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Basophilic stapling of RBC's is caused by?
- Thalasemia
- Anemia of CD
- Iron def
- Lead
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Target cells?
- HbC
- Asplenia
- Liver disease
- Thalasemia
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Acanthocytes (spikes RBC's) are caused by?
- liver dz
- Abetalipoproteinemia
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What RBC morphology is seen with the following?
- Basophilic Stippling
- Heinz Bodies
- shistocytes
- Acanthocyte
- Howel Jowell body/Target cells
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What is the confirmation for beta thalasemia minor?
HbA2 >3.5 %
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Both Beta thalassemia major and minor have increased levels of what hemoglobin?
HbF
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Fanconi's anemia is caused by what?
defect in DNA repair
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2 enzyme causes and 4 structural causes for hemolytic, normocytic anemia?
- Pyruvate kinase
- G6PD
- Hereditary spherocytosis
- Sickle Cell
- HbC
- PNH
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