39 Study Guide

Which stratum of the epidermis contains dead keratinocytes?
A. corneum
B. granulosum
C. lucidum
D. germinativum
E. spinosum

The dermis is composed of all of the following except:
A. elastin.
B. apocrine sweat glands.
C. melanocytes.
D. sebaceous glands.
E. collagen.

Which does not occur as the skin ages?
A. decreased Langerhans cells
B. loss of elastin fibers
C. more melanocytes
D. depressed immune response
E. loss of rete pegs

Arteriovenous anastomoses in the dermis:
A. prevent skin drying.
B. regulate vasoconstriction.
C. oppose evaporative heat loss.
D. facilitate the regulation of body temperature.
E. None of the above is correct.

Macule
A. changed color; not raise or depressed
B. accentuated skin lines caused by scratching
C. hardened, adherent
D. ridge-like, reddened elevation caused by edema and congestion
E. flaky, accumulated stratum corneum
F. palpable, elevated solid lesion

Nodule
a. hardened, adherent
b. changed color; not raise or depressed
c. accentuated skin lines caused by scratching
d. palpable, elevated solid lesion
e. flaky, accumulated stratum corneum
f. ridge-like, reddened elevation caused by edema and congestion

Scale
a. hardened, adherent
b. changed color; not raise or depressed
c. accentuated skin lines caused by scratching
d. palpable, elevated solid lesion
e. flaky, accumulated stratum corneum
f. ridge-like, reddened elevation caused by edema and congestion

Wheal
a. hardened, adherent
b. changed color; not raise or depressed
c. accentuated skin lines caused by scratching
d. palpable, elevated solid lesion
e. flaky, accumulated stratum corneum
f. ridge-like, reddened elevation caused by edema and congestion

The cause of atopic dermatitis is:
A. nonimmunologic inflammation to chemicals.
B. venous stasis.
C. mast cell degranulation, T cells, and monocyte interaction.
D. unknown.
E. increased activity of sebaceous glands.

The skin lesion of psoriasis is a(n):
A. thick, scaly, erythematous plaque.
B. nonscaling, violet-colored pruritic papule.
C. comedo.
D. erythematous, butterfly-shaped rash.
E. pruritic vesicle.

A circular, demarcated, salmon-pink scale within a plaque is characteristic of:
A. pityriasis rosea.
B. psoriasis.
C. seborrheic dermatitis.
D. acne rosacea.
E. lichen planus.

Acantholysis is observed in:
A. herpes simplex.
B. pemphigus.
C. erythema multiforme.
D. Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
E. Both c and d are correct.

The cause of impetigo in the adult is:
A. Streptococcus aureus.
B. group A streptococci.
C. coagulase-positive staphylococci.
D. beta-hemolytic streptcocci.
E. Both c and d are correct.

The usual manifestation of herpes simplex virus is a:
A. pustule.
B. cold sore or fever blister.
C. painful nodule.
D. wheal.

Of the benign tumors of the skin, keratoacanthomas are characterized by:
A. proliferation of basal cells.
B. hyperkeratotic scales.
C. origination from hair follicles.
D. a proliferative stage that produces a nodule with a central crust.
E. Both c and d are correct.

Which are most likely to undergo malignant transition?
A. seborrheic keratosis and keratoacanthoma
B. seborrheic keratosis and actinic keratosis
C. nevi and keratoacanthoma
D. nevi and actinic keratosis
E. None of the above is correct.

The cause of Kaposi sarcoma likely is:
A. precursor nevi.
B. steroidal hormones.
C. keratinization.
D. solar radiation.
E. immunodeficiency.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin is manifested as:
A. elevated, firm lesions.
B. multifocal purplish, brown macules.
C. a smooth, pearly lesion with multiple telangiectasia.
D. irregular pigmentation.

An untreated basal cell carcinoma:
A. metastasizes frequently.
B. ulcerates and involves local tissue.
C. will eventually require removal of nearby lymph nodes.
D. grows rapidly.
E. often involves regional lymphatics.

Which malignant skin lesion metastasizes the earliest?
A. malignant melanoma
B. Kaposi sarcoma
C. basal cell carcinoma
D. squamous cell carcinoma

In which type of burn does skin function continue?
A. full thickness
B. superficial partial-thickness
C. deep partial-thickness
D. first degree

A burn that destroys the epidermis and dermis is a:
A. full-thickness burn.
B. deep partial-thickness burn.
C. superficial partial-thickness burn.
D. first-degree burn.

Hypovolemic shock in severely burned individuals is the result of:
A. dilation of capillaries.
B. increased capillary permeability.
C. increased peripheral resistance.
D. Both a and b are correct.
E. a, b, and c are correct.

In individuals surviving burn shock, increased wound sepsis is caused by:
A. released inflammatory cytokines.
B. fewer opsonins.
C. inability of phagocytes to migrate to the site of infection.
D. All of the above are correct.
E. Both b and c are correct.

Onychomycosis is:
A. a fungal infection of the nail plate.
B. caused by staphylococci or streptococci.
C. an inflammation of the cuticle.
D. None of the above is correct.