D. Both a and b are correct. (a. the urinalysis. b. BUN and serum creatinine.)
Which substance is an abnormal constituent of urine?
C. glucose
The presence of albumin in the urine would indicate probable damage to:
A. glomeruli
Which statement is not true concerning urinary tract infections?
D. Once cystitis develops, pyelonephritis will certainly occur.
Renal calculi may be composed of:
E. Both a and b are correct. (a. calcium oxalate. b. uric acid.)
Which can be characteristic of ureteral stones?
D. All of the above are correct.
Which are predisposing factors for acute urinary tract infections? (More than one answer may be correct)
a. congenital deformities of urinary tract
b. the sex of the patient
c. decreased urine flow
d. increased urine flow
e. increased fluid intake
a. congenital deformities of urinary tract
b. the sex of the patient
c. decreased urine flow
A common cause of both pyelonephritis and cystitis is:
A. invading, ascending microorganisms, such as E. coli.
Uremia exhibits:
B. retention of metabolic acids.
Pyelonephritis is (more than one answer may be correct):
a. an inflammation and infection of the urinary bladder.
b. characterized by fever, chills, and flank pain.
c. characterized by pyuria, bacteriuria, and hematuria.
d. more common in young women than in young men.
b. characterized by fever, chills, and flank pain.
c. characterized by pyuria, bacteriuria, and hematuria.
d. more common in young women than in young men.
Which renal condition usually has a history of recent infection with beta-hemolytic streptococci?
C. glomerulonephritis
Which statement is not true concerning glomerulonephritis?
D. Approximately 90% of individuals develop chronic disease.
Nephrotic syndrome is associated with ? to plasma ?.
C. increased glomerular permeability; proteins
Causes of acute renal failure include:
a cholecystitis.
b. stones and strictures in kidneys or ureters.
c. heart failure leading to poor renal perfusion.
d. Both b and c are correct.
e. a, b, and c are correct.
d. Both b and c are correct. (b. stones and strictures in kidneys or ureters.)
Which describe a patient in acute renal failure? (More than one answer may be correct)
B. elevated serum creatinine
e. oliguria
Which is not a characteristic of chronic renal failure?
D. anuria
Chronic renal failure:
D. All of the above are correct.
An individual has an elevated blood level of urea and creatinine because of complete calculi blockage of one ureter. This is referred to as:
A. postrenal disease.
Nephrotoxins, such as antibiotics, may be responsible for:
D. acute tubular necrosis.
Uremia, as seen in chronic renal failure, would include:
D. All of the above are correct.
The earliest symptom of chronic renal failure is:
B. polyuria.
In chronic renal failure, tubulointerstitial disease leads to:
A. sodium wasting.
Goodpasture syndrome
D. pulmonary capillary and glomerular basement membrane antibodies
Hypovolemia
a. prerenal failure
b. postrenal failure
c. chronic glomerulonephritis
d. pulmonary capillary and glomerular basement membrane antibodies
e. pruritus
a. prerenal failure
Uremia
a. prerenal failure
b. postrenal failure
c. chronic glomerulonephritis
d. pulmonary capillary and glomerular basement membrane antibodies
e. pruritus
