Unit 6

• Infectious agent (causative agent)
• resevoir
• portal of exit
• mode of transmission
• portal of entry
• susceptible host

Sites in which organisms can persist and maintain their ability to infect are essential for new human infections to occur. Such sites are called reservoirs of infection

Ear, eyes, nose, mouth, mammary glands, vagina, seminal vesicles, anus, skin, broken skin, ear

Unprotected sex with an infected partner

• From infected mother to fetus
• Infection from blood products

Usually the same as portal of exit. Compromise of body defense mechanisms enhances the ability of pathogens to enter the body

• Incubation period
• Prodromal stage
• Illness stage
• Convalescence

Absence of disease-producing microorganisms

an effort to keep the client as free from exposure to infection causing pathogens as possible

(clean technique) used to reduce the number of microorganisms and prevent their spread

(sterile technique) used during client care, including surgery to prevent microbial contamination of an open wound or a sterile item

• Defense mechanisms
• Client susceptability
• client appearance
• laboratory data

• Infection, risk for
• Nutrition, altered:less than body requirements
• Skin integrity, impaired
• social isolation
• tissue integrity, impaired

• Recognition
• Proliferation
• Response
• Effect

surveillance by lymph nodes and lymphocytes

Lymphocyte-->lymph nodes-->change to plasma cells

Cell mediated: T-cells bind with antigens. T-cell becomes sensititzed and releases lymphocytes which attracts macrophages and thus destroy the antigens. (Killer T-cells)

Antibody of response of killer T cells couple with antigen and destroy or neutralize

results from having a certain disease, measles, immunity last a lifetime

the acquisition of an antibody by one person from another, a baby born with the moms antibodies. Short duration

a person is given an antitoxin or immune globulin for short-term immunity to a specific disease. Rh factor problems

an individual receives a vaccine, polio, and the person develops antibodies. Variable length of time

HBV, HAV, diptheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, measles, mumps, rubella, pneumococcal, Hib, varicella, influenza, meningococcal, (rotovirus, HPV for high risk groups)

Local, sensitivity to culture medium or preservative

severe illness, pregnancy in rubella, previous anaphylatic reaction, encephalopathy from vaccine, anaphylatic reaction to inactive component of vaccine such as neomycin & yeast, fever, seizures, persistent crying, pregnancy in IPV, recent immunoGlobulin administration, preterm birth, timing of vaccines when recent vaccines have been given

• Proper storage
• Reconstitutions
• Expiration dates
• Timing
• Documentation

• Focus should be on wllness and care rather than illness and cure
• clients are better educated and want more involvement in self care

• maintain health and promote wellness
• Restore health
• living as well as possible with impaired function

• Teaching is interactive communication of knowledge
• Learning is deliberately acquiring new knowledge

• Sender/teacher-referent (idea/learning objective) surrounded by culture, values, knowledge, philosophy
• Message/content-channels, methods
• Receiver/learned-feedback (true meaning/evaluation of learning) surrounded by culture, values, knowledge, philosophy

• Cognitive-Knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation
• Affective-receiving, responding, valuing, organization, characteristics by value set
• Psychomotor-perception, set, guided response, mechanism, complex overt response, adaption, origination.

• motivation to learn
• ability to learn
• learning environment

Assessment, Analysis, Planning, Implementation, Evalution

• Expectations for learning
• learning needs
• motivation
• ability
• teaching environment
• appropriate resources
• health literacy & learning disabilities

• Nursing diagnosis
• What does the client need information about to increase self-care ability?
• What does the client have knowledge about, but is ready to learn more:

• Build on existing knowlege
• Use teaching approach appropriate for situation
• How can teaching be efficiently integrated with nursing care?
• Instructional methods vary depending on clients needs and resources availabe

• Telling
• Participating
• Entrusting
• Reinforcing

• one-on-on
• group instruction
• prepartory instruction
• demonstrations
• analogies
• role playing
• simulation

• Measure of success
• Redemonstration
• writtenor verbal testing
• modify based on success

• Nurses have a legal responsibility to document steps of the teaching process
• Document assessment of readiness to learn
• Document any barriers to learning
• Document clients participation in planning
• Document implementation
• Document evaluation