bacteria1.txt

• S. aureus
• toxic for many cell types, including leukocytes, erythrocytes, fibroblasts, leukocytes, macrophages, and platelets
• alpha, beta, gamma, delta toxins and Panton-Valentine (PV) leukocidin

• S. aureus
• serine proteases
• cause staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS)

• heat stable (100°C, 30 min)
• resistant to gastrointestinal enzymes
• mainly responsible for staphylococcal food poisoning
• act as superantigen
• also cause toxic shock when expressed systemically

• heat stable
• protease resistant
• can penetrate mucosal barrier, causing systemic effect
• acts as superantigen
• causes toxic shock

• Hydrolyzes DNA;
• function in pathogenesis unclear;
• useful in identifying S. aureus

• inhibits phagocytosis (antiphagocytic activity)
• promote bacterial adherence

• G+
• Staphylococcus aurous
• Bacillus cereus
• Clostridium perfringens
• Clostridium botulinum
• Listeria monocytogenes
• G-
• Escherichia coli
• Salmonella
• Shigella
• Yersinia enterocolitica
• Vibrio
• Campylobacter

• The transfer of bacterial infection or disease strictly from animals to humans; no human-to-human transmission
• Bacillus anthracis
• Yersinia pestis
• Pasteurella multocida
• Bartonella henselae
• Brucella spp
• Francisella tularensis
• Borrelia burgdorfer
• Leptospira interrogans
• Rickettsia rickettsii
• Ehrlichia chaffeensis
• Coxiella burnetii

buffered charcoal yeast extract (BCYE) agar containing L-cysteine

• Chlamydia trachomatis Obligate intracellular pathogen
• Neisseria gonorrhoeae: gonorrhea GNC
• Haemophilus ducreyi: chancroid (painful ulcer) GNB
• Treponema pallidum: syphillis, Facultative intracellular pathogen, Spirochete

• Neisseria bacteria, including N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis
• contains three antibiotics
• 1. Vancomycin, killing all Gram-positive organisms
• 2. Colistin, killing all Gram-negative organisms except Neiserria
• 3. Nystatin, killing all fungi

B. anthracis-

• soft-tissue infection
• caused by S. pyogens with pus
• C. perfringens with gas

• C. perfringens
• (gas gangrene)
• Most severe, life threatening (death in 2 days)
• Painful, rapid destruction of muscle tissue; systemic spread with high mortality

• (culturing on agar plate with egg yolk)
• α-toxin, a diffusible lecithinase, interacts with the lipids in egg yolk to produce a characteristic precipitate around the colonies

• caused by eating foods that contain botulism toxin
• neither emetic nor diarrheal form

• Streptococcus bovis: indication of colon cancer
• Clostridium septicum: indication of colon cancer
• Helicobacter pylori: causative agent of stomach cancer

an upper respiratory tract illness characterized by thick pseudomembrane in pharynx and bulk neck

C. diphtheriae

• Methylene blue stains of specimens
• metachromatic granules in cytoplasm

• S. agalactiae: CAMP
• C. perfringens: lectinase(egg yolk)
• C. diphtheriae: tellurite
• Neisseria: Thayer-Martin agar
• H. influenzae: growth of H. influenzae requires both NAD+ (factor V) and hemin (factor X)
• B. pertussis: Bordet and Gengou (BG) agar (glycerin-potato-blood agar)
• L. pneumophila: buffered charcoal yeast extract (BCYE) agar containing L-cysteine
• F. tularensis: buffered charcoal yeast extract (BCYE) agar containing L-cysteine

• E. coli
• Shigella
• A/B 2A-5B
• A-inhibit ribosome protein synth
• hemolytic uremic syndrome

• E.coli
• multiple-drug resistance is increasing rapidly

• C. diptheriae
• in-vitro exotoxin test
• immunodiffusion of toxin and antitoxin leads to precipitation

available against 6 bacterial pathogens: diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, H. influenza type b, pneumonococcal

• •Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B streptococci)
• •Neisseria meningitidis
• •Escherichia coli
• •Haemophilus influenzae b