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Vegans and vegeterians need to insure adequate intake of ____ and ______ due to bioavailability in non-meat sources.
Iron Zinc
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Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) causes:
The uptake of iodine by the thyroid gland
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Glutathione peroxidases require:
Selenium
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Fluoride is not an essential nutrient because:
It is not needed for growth, reproduction, or basic body functions
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Regulation of the amount of manganese in the body is via its loss in the:
Feces
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The major mechanism by which the iron in the body is regulated is :
The alteration of its absorbtion
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What protein functions in the transport of iron in the blood?
Transferrin
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Body cells regulate how much iron they take into their cells by altering:
The number of transferrin receptors located on the cell membrane
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The iron storage compound that is needed for more long term storage is:
Hemosiderin
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Which biochemical measurment is not able to detect early stages of iron deficiency?
Hemoglobin concentration
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The % of total blood made from red blood cells is:
Hematocrit
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High amounts of dietary iron can decrease the absorbtion of ___ because they compete for the same transport proteins.
Copper
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Foods contain several forms of selenium but typically it is associated with the amino acid ________.
Methionine
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Severe selenium deficiency causes ______ which results in severe and even fatal heart problems
Keshan disease
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Copper and _________ are cofactors for superoxide dismutase, an enzime that protects from free radicals.
Manganese
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The zinc conteny of the blood is highly regulated at
The small intestine
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________ is a protein that acts in a similar fashion to ferritin in that it binds zinc in the enterocytes making it unavailable for transport in to the portal vein.
Metallothionine.
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Trace minerals are inorganic____ or compounds
atoms
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Iron is involved in protecting the body from ____ and free radicals
toxins
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Copper is important for energy metabolism, neural function, and _______ reactions.
antioxidant
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Excess iodine is excreted in the ______.
urine
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Iodine is a component of the ______ thyroxine and triiodthyronine which are important for growth,_____,brain function, energy metabolism
thyroid hormones, development
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The presence of _____ in some vegetables can decrease the incorporation of iodine in to thyroxine and triiodthyronine.
goitrogens
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Some selenoproteins are involved in redox reactions some regulate ____ metabolism and the activation of ______
thyroid, vitamin c
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Iodine toxicity causes hypo and hyper-
thyroidism
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Food sources of selenium include nuts, seafood, meats, and ____ ______.
cereal products
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Chromium ___ is rare but causes high glucose concentrations, decreased insulin sensitivity, and weight loss.
defiency
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__________ Manganese is absorbed and excess is excreted in the ________
Very Little, Bile
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Molybdenum defiency is extremely rare but causes headaches, abnormal ____ function and visual difficulties.
Cardiac
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Zinc is found in ______, fortified cereals, meat, legumes, chocolate.
Shellfish
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Zinc defiency causes poor apetite, _______ failure, skin irritations, delayed physical maturation, _____.
Growth, Infertility
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Toxicity from zinc consumprion is rare but can influence ______ function, lipid metabolism, and apetite.
Immune
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Other non-essential trace minerals that may influence health are: Nickel, Aluminum,______,______, Arsenic, Boron.
Silicon, Vanadium.
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___________ is a protein in the enterocyte that regulates zinc absorbtion and elimination
Metallothionine
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_______ is an Iron-containing enzyme that helps stabilize free radicals.
Cytochrome P450
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