The flashcards below were created by user
nogden
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
-
Nucleus Functions
Houses chromosomes. made ofchromatin (DNA. the geneticmaterial, and proteins); contains nucleoli. where ribosomal subunits are made Pores regulate entry and exit ofmaterials.
-
Nucleus Structure
Surrounded by nuclear envelope(double membrane) perforated bynuclear pores. The nuclear envelope is continuous with the endoplasmшс retшсulum (ER).
-
Ribosome
Two subunits made of ribosoma lRNA and proteins: can be free in cytosol or bound to ER
-
Ribosome Functions
Protein synthesis
-
Endoplasmic reticulum
htensive network of membrane-bounded tubules and sacs; membrane separates lumen from cytosol: continuous with the nuclear envelope
-
Rough ER Functions
- - Aids in synthesis ofsecretory and other proteins from bound ribosomes;
- - adds carbohydrates to glycoproteins:
- - produces new membrane
-
Smooth ER Functions
- - synthesis oflipids, metabolism of carbohydrates.
- - Cal2+ storage,
- - detoxification of drugs and poisons
-
Golgi apparatus
Stacks of flattened membranous sacs; has polarity (cis and trans faces)
-
Golgi apparatus
- Modification of proteins,
- carbo-hydrates on proteins. and phospholipids:
- synthesis of many polysaccharides:
- sorting of Golgi products, which are then released in vesicles
-
lysosome
Membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes (in animal cells)
-
Lyzosome Functions
- Breakdown of ingested substances,
- cell macromolecules. and damaged organelles for recycling
-
Vacuole
large membrane-bounded vesicle In plants
-
Vacuole Functions
Digestion, storage. waste disposal.water balance, cell growth, and protection
-
Mitochondrion
Bounded by double membrane;inner membrane has infoldings(cristae)
Functions: ATP producer
-
Chloroplast
Typically two membranes around fluid stroma, which contains membranous thylakoids stacked into grana (in plants)
-
Peroxisome
Specialiled metabolic compartment bounded by a single membrane
-
Peroxisome Functions
Contains enzymes that transferhydrogen to water, producing hydrogen peroxide (H202) as a by-product, which is converted to water by other enzymes in the peroxisome
-
All Structures
nucleus, rough ER, smooth ER, mitochondrion, centrosome,chloroplast, vacuole, lysosome, microtubule, cell wall, EeM,microfilament, Golgi apparatus, intermediate filament,plasma membrane, peroxisome, ribosome, nucleolus, nuclearpore, vesicle, flagellum, microvilli, plasmodesma
|
|