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Are phenols commonly used for disinfection in veterinary hospitals?
no
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Is alcohol effective against "easy" microorganisms - bacteria and enveloped viruses?
yes - with long contact with bacteria
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Is alcohol effective against "hard" microorganisms - unenveloped viruses and spores?
no
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How is alcohol commonly used in the veterinary hospital?
- surgical scrub
- wiping skin before injections
- wiping vial tops before withdrawing drug
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What adverse effects can alcohol have on a patient when applied to intact skin?
can dry skin out, can hill patient - can cause hypothermia in a small patient
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What adverse effects can alcohol have on a patient when applied to broken skin or open wounds?
painful. can coagulate the protein on the surface of the wound, forming a layer that can protect underlying bacteria
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What do we call the layer of coagulated protein formed when alcohol is applied to an open wound?
coagulum
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What is the more specific name of the type of alcohol that we normally use in disinfection purposes in the veterinary hospital?
isopropyl alcohol
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Name 3 QUATS - quaternary ammonium compounds
- Roccal - D
- Zephiran
- Parvosol
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Are QUATS normally applied to objects or directly to the surface of patient?
objects
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Are QUATS particularly irritating to skin?
no
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What 2 types of disinfecting compounds are halogens?
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When we refer to chlorine type disinfecting compounds, what specific compound are we usually referring to?
Na hypochlorite - NaOCL - Clorox or generic brand bleach
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Should chlorine bleach be used full strength as a disinfectant?
no
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Is a Clorox solution normally applied to objects or directly to the surface of the patient?
objects
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What types of microogranisms is chlorine bleach solution effective against?
gets bacteria, fungi, both enveloped and unenveloped viruses
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What types of microorganisms is chlorine bleach solution not effective against?
spores
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Is chlorine bleach solutions commonly used to disinfect against parvovirus?
yes
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List 3 disadvantages of chlorine bleach solutions
- bleaches fabrics
- corrosive except to stainless steel
- vapor is irritating
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Is there anything in particular that we should not mix Clorox with? Why?
yes - do not mix Clorox with ammonia - produces toxic fumes
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What is the difference between an iodine and an iodophor?
an iodophor is an iodine with a carrier molecule added to it, has prolonged antiseptic activity
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What is the name of the carrier molecule commonly added to iodine to make an iodophor? What is the name of this particular iodophor?
- carrier molecule is polyvinyl plyrrolidone
- the combination is called poyidone - iodine
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Should an iodophor used for surgical preparation of a patient contain a detergent or not? What is this called?
- should - cleansing action
- called a scrub
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In an aqueous solution of iodine, what is the iodine dissolved in?
water
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In a tincture of iodine, what is the iodine dissolved in?
alcohol
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What microorganisms are iodines and iodophors effective against?
- bacteria
- viruses
- spores
- fungi
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List 2 examples of iodine disinfectants
- Lugol's iodine (aqueous)
- tincture of iodine
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List 2 examples of iodophors (trade or prorietary names)
- Betadine
- Povidol
- Wescodyne
- Prepodyne
- etc
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Chlorhexidine is in what chemical class?
biguanide
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List 2 trade or proprietary names of chlorhexidine.
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Can chlorhexidine be used to disinfect objects?
yes
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Can chlorhexidine be used as an antiseptic on living tissue?
yes
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Chlorhexidine is effective against waht microorganisms?
- bacteria
- fungi
- enveloped viruses (and unenveloped viruses?"
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Chlorhexidine is not effective against what microogranisms?
spores
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What 2 peroxide compounds are classified as disinfectants?
- hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
- Trifectant
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Why is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) kept tightly closed in a brown bottle?
to prevent it from being broken down to water and oxygen by light and air
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Should H2O2 be used for cleaning significant wounds?
no - may cause tissue damage
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What is our favorite use of H2O2 in the veterinary workplace?
cleaning bloodstains out of white hair
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What entertaining thing does H2O2 do when it contacts organic material?
it foams up
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Is glutaraldehyde used much for disinfection in veterinary medicine? Why or why not?
no - expensive, short shelf life once mixed, complicated and time - consuming to use and bad smell
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Is glutaraldehyde used on objects or on living tissue?
- objects
- is toxic to living tissues
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What commercial disinfectant and tissue preservative is glutaraldehyde related to?
formaldehyde
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What microorganisms is glutaraldehyde effective against?
- all of them - bacteria
- fungi
- envelope and unenveloped viruses
- spores
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What disinfectant has the widest spectrum of activity and is theoretically the best at killing microorganisms?
glutaraldehyde
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