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what is autonomous hypersecretion of hormone due to tumor or hyperplasia of the gland?
primary endocrine hyperfunction
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What hormone is hypersecreted with acidophil adenoma of the pituitary gland? What is lesion/sign associated?
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What hormone is hypersecreted with adrenal cortical adenoma/carcinoma? What is lesion/sign?
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What hormone is hypersecreted with pheochromocytoma of adrenal medulla? what is sign/lesion?
- norepinephrine
- hypertension
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What hormone is hypersecreted with thyroid follicular cell adenoma? What is lesion/sign?
- T4/T3
- increased basal metabolic rate
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What hormone is hypersecreted with parathyroid gland chief cell adenoma? lesion/sign?
- parathyroid hormone
- fibrous osteodystrophy
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What hormone is hypersecreted with pancreatic B-cell adenoma/carcinoma? lesion/sign?
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What type of endocrine disease is when a lesion in one organ secretes excess trophic hormone leading to long term stim/hypersecretion of hormone by the target organ?
secondary endocrine hyperfunction
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How does renal failure lead to secondary hyperparathyroidism?
decreased GFR --> hyperphosphatemia --> decline in serum Ca++ --> stim. parathyroid (and further destruction of tubules leads to decr. Ca absorption in GIT-->hypoCa --> demineralize skeleton)
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What nutritional imbalances lead to hyperparathyroidism?
- diets too low in Ca or too high in P
- or deficient in cholecalciferol
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How do paraneoplastic syndromes lead to hyperfunction of endocrine system?
non-endocrine neoplasia secretes hormones or hormone-like factors (mostly peptides that are similar to native hormone)
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What is pseudohyperparathyroidism or humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy due to? What does it lead to in the patient?
autonomous hypersecretion of PTH-rP by cancer cells, which mimics PTH --> excess moblization of Ca from bone --> persistent life-threatening hyperCa
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Iatrogenic syndromes of hormone excess....What is result of excess steroid administration? Insulin? T4/T3 in cats? Progesterone in dogs?
- steroid --> iatrogenic Cushing's dz
- excessive doses of insulin -->hypoglycemia
- excess T4/T3 given --> hyperthyroid (esp. cat)
- progesterone admin in dogs to prevent estrus--> acromegaly (indirect GH excess)
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What is subnormal hormone secretion due to destruction of secretory cells?
primary hypofunction
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What are some general causes/examples of primary hypofunction?
- immune mediated injury of adrenal cortex/thyroid/etc.
- failure of development of gland (pituitary dwarfism)
- congenital dyshormonogenetic goiter in ruminants
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What is destructive lesion in one organ that interferes w/secretion of trophic hormone, therefore detectable hypofunction in target organ?
secondary hypofunction
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What are two reasons for endocrine dysfunction due to failure of target-cell response?
- -alteration in hormone receptor on cell surface (ie. insulin resistant DM)
- -lack of adenyl cyclase in cell membrane
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What broad functions does pituitary gland/hypophysis control? What are some hormones released from adenohypophysis v. neurohypophysis?
- reproduction, metabolism, fluid/electrolyte balance, milk letdown/parturition
- A: growth, luteinizing, thyroid stim., ACTH, melanocyte stimulating hormones
- N: ADH/vasopressin, oxytocin
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What embryological abnormality leads to pituitary cysts and pituitary dwarfism? What canine breeds are prone?
- failure of oropharyngeal ectoderm of Rathke's pouch
- GSD, spitz, toy pinscher, carelian bear dogs
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What part of pituitary gland is absent with pituitary cysts/dwarfism? What lesions are seen?
- absent adenohypophysis
- pituitary dwarfism w/slow growth, stunting, symmetric alopecia and hyperpigmentation of skin
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what is difference between functional and non-functional neoplasms of pituitary?
- functional produce trophic hormones that stimulate target organs
- non-fx: do not secrete hormone but destructive to adjacent structures
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Do adults or young get adenoma/carcinoma? What about craniopharyngioma?
- ademona: adult
- craniopharyngioma: younger
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What 2 species commonly get ademona of pars intermedia?
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What is produced by ademonas of pars intermedia in horses? (5 things)
POMC, CLIP, alpha-MSH, Beta-MSH, and Beta-endorphine
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