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sociological imagination
to view personal problems as public issues Ex: HealthCare in order to benefit everyone
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Conflict Theories
Place of conflict where groups of people exist who do not have the same interest, making a place where most conflict occurs Ex: Feminism, Race
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The Looking Glass Self (Cooley)
- symbolic interaction theory - the self is figured out through social interaction
- "I am not who I think I am, I am not who you think I am, I am who I think you think I am." - Cooley
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Mechanical and Organic Solidarity (Durkheim)
Organic: Every individual on their own choses what to do, but uses the values of society to make their decisions (voluntarily learning about society) "bigger societies" Individual
- Mechanical: Working together in a small society thinking about a 'group' opposed to 'individual' self, usually seen in smaller societies with less technology
- Group
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The significant and generalized other (Mead)
We must all take a roll in society but view ourselves in the context of it. Ex: 2 year old playing mommy with doll
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the social construction of self (Mead, Yinger)
Talking to another about your day: Transforming subjectively felt feelings into an objective experiences (making sense of reality)
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Social Structure
the interweaving of peoples' interactions and relationships in more or less recurrent and stable patterns Ex: Bureaucracy
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Social Group
Two or more people who are bound together in relatively stable patterns of social interaction and who share a feeling of unity
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Bureaucracy
- most formal of all organizations, everything done is thought
- out rationally through the written laws. People treat each other in an
- impersonal way. Efficient gigantic organizations(USPS, Military, DVC registrars
- office)
- -flaws = slows down innovation since everything needs to be
- approved by so many people, slow at adapting, everyone is treated the same,
- lack of ability to adapt to certain changes
- 1970s – corporations figured out bureaucracies were not as
- efficient and started to break down into individual groups
- -individual teams
- working on set goals, but more power leads to more pay
bureaucracy is still more organized with no potential unions
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power
ability to control the behavior of others, even against their will Ex: North Korea
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position
gives power to people
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institution
social structures that organize, direct, and execute the esential tasks of living Ex: Colleges share a common goal of Higher Education
- Group of organizations that share a common goal (government
- share common goals and laws, the economic institutions consist of corporations,
- families, religious institutions)
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norms
social rules that specify appropriate and inappropriate behavior in given situations Ex: raising your hand during class
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symbols
acts/objects that have come to be socially accepted as standing for something else
basic building blocks for cultures: Language, Gestures, Objects
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dominant ideology
belief that keeps people oppressed because they are persuaded what is happening to them is okay
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folkways/mores
folkways: norms people do not deem to be of great importance and exact less stringent conformity Ex: not going to jail for posession of pot for ten years
mores: norms to which people attach a great deal of importance and exact strict conformity Ex: subjectively felt
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ethnocentricism
observing a society from your own rules/culture
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society
A group of people who live within the same territory and share a common culture
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participant observation research
analyzing through experience
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order theories
shared moral values, functionalist society
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class conflict (Marx)
form of conflict theory where the upper class can exploit the lower class
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social status
ranking by which people are evaluated or judged by
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social organization = Group
Organization containing roles, rules, and goals
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primary and secondary groups
intrisic vs extrinsic goals
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authority
can only stay in power if their commands are legit
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role
behaviors expected from a person occupying a position
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culture
values, objects etc. that make up a society: the social heritage of people
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values
what is expected to be proper: raising your hand in order to learn as opposed to a norm which would be why its proper
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formal/informal norms
written laws
nonwritten assumed proper behavior
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representative sampling (surveys)
method for analyzing
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cultural relativism
analyzing another society in comparison to their own culture
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social facts
something that influences people
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