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Why Preconception Care?
Because of increasing rates of low birth weight and preterm birth and small for gestational age in Alberta
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What is Preconception Health?
Refers to the positive health practices that youth/adults of reproductive age can make to improve their health before pregnancy
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What is Preconception Care?
The interventions that identify and modify risks to women and men's reproductive health and future pregnancies
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Name 9 preconception Screening Methods
- 1) Reproductive history
- 2) Nutrition, folic acid intake & weight management
- 3) Chronic diseases and vaccines
- 4) Environmental hazards and toxins
- 5) Genetic conditions and family history
- 6) Family planning
- 7) Medications/Teratogens
- 8) Substance use (Tobacco & Alcohol)
- 9) Social support, domestic violence and housing
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Name 13 Factors that influence Preconception Health
- 1) Folic Acid
- 2) Alcohol
- 3) Tobacco
- 4) Obesity
- 5) STI's
- 5) Maternal Age
- 6) Planned Pregnancies
- 7) Gender
- 8) Culture
- 9) Education
- 10) Workplace
- 11) Income
- 12) Physical Environments
- 13) Health Services
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What are Neural Tube Defects (NTD's)?
Inadequate intake of ______ ______ has been associated with NTD
Severe birth abnormalities that occur because of lack of neural tube closure at either the upper or lower end in the 3rd to 4th week after conception.
Inadequate intake of folic acid has been associated with NTD
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Folic Acid - Recommendations
How much folic acid should women consume daily?
For how long?
- A multivitamin with Folic Acid (0.4-1.0mg)
- For atleast 2-3 months before conception and throughout pregnancy and the postpartum period 4-6 weeks as long as breastfeeding continues
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Name sources of Folic Acid
- Fresh green leafy vegetables
- Liver
- Peanuts
- Whole grain breads and cereals
- Fruits
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Alcohol and Tobacco Use
1)When is a safe time to drink alcohol?
2)What may occur if alcohol is consumed during pregnancy?
3)What adverse effects to the baby is tobacco associated with?
- 1) No time drinking alcohol is safe during pregnancy
- 2) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
- 3) Preterm birth, low birth weight, spontaneous abortion and ectopic pregnancy
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Why is obesity an important risk factor?
- Obese women are at risk for medical complications and that their fetus is at an increased risk for congenital abnormalities.
- Maternal obesity is associated with infertility, NTDs, preterm birth, diabetes, C-Sections, and hypertensive and thromboembolic disease
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Sexually Transmitted Infections
Chlamydia and gonorrhea are strongly associated with
1)
2)
3)
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Infertility
- Chronic Pelvis Pain
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Sexually Transmitted Infections
Note: STIs during pregnancy might result in fetal death or physical and evelopmental disabilities
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Sexually Transmitted Infections
1)Which women should be screen for syphilis?
2)When should they be screen?
3)High risk for syphilis infection shoul be screen?
- 1) All women
- 2) Early in pregnancy, mid-pregnancy, and again at the time of giving birth
- 3) High risk women should be screen more frequently
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Maternal Age is a risk factor for ________ _______
Down Syndrome
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Paternal Age is associated with
1)
2)
3)
4)
- 1) Decrease in testosterone
- 2) Infecundity
- 3) congenital abnormalities
- 4) adverse perinatal outcomes
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Planned Pregnancies
Note: associated with healthier behaviours
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Gender & Culture
Gender includes the impact of men's behavious and their role in influencing their partner's health promoting behaviours
Culture - depends on where you live and your ethnicity
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Environmental factors influencing preconception health
1)
2)
3)
4)
- 1) Education
- 2) Workplace
- 3) Income
- 4) Physical Environments
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Health Services
Intercostal Collaboration
Different sectors and levels are workign together to meet goals and objectives
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Health Services
Social Justice and Equity
Everyone has an equal opportunity to develop & maintain their reproductive health through fair & just access to resources for health.
Healthcare professionals provide women and men of reproductive age with evidence-informed information to make informeed decisions and to enhance the outcomes of pregnancy
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Name 11 Factors of a Nurse's Role in Preconception Care
- 1) Protect the right of clients to choose or to choose not to seek preconception health sscreening and counselling
- 2) Provide explanation of each process, information and their implications
- 3) Provide an opportunity for dialogue
- 4) Informed-decision making
- 5) Referral for counselling
- 6) Coordination with other health care providers, community, or family services
- 7) Access to complementary services such as genetic and nutritional counselling and behavioural modification programs
- 8) Written summary of the findings and recommendations
- 9) Provide educational materials
- 10) Dissemination of information to other individuals, family members, or health care providers
- 11)
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