Med Surg

refers to a pt admitted to hospital

(Ambulatory) Pt who goes to the surgical area the day of surgery and returns home the same day.

• Performed to determine the origin and cause of a disorder or the cell type for cancer.
• Ex: breast biopsy, colonoscopy

• Performed to resolve a health problem by repairing or removing the cause.
• Ex: appendectomy, hysterectomy

• Performed to improve a pts functonal ability.
• Ex: Total knee replacement, hip replacement

• To relieve symptoms of a disease process, but does not cure.
• Ex: Colostomy, nerve root resection, tumor rebulking

• Planned for correction of a nonacute problem.
• Ex: cataract removal, hernia repair, total joint replacement

• Requires prompt intervention; may be life threatening if tx is delayed more than 24-48 hr.
• Ex: Intestinal or bladder obstruction, kidney or ureteral stones, bone fx, eye injury

• Requires immediate intervention because of life-threatening consequences.
• Ex: Gunshot or stab, severe bleeding, abdominal aortic aneurysm, compound fx, appendectomy

• No significant risk; often done with local anesthesia
• Ex: Incision and drainage (I&D), Implantation of a venous access device (VAD), muscle biopsy

• Greater risk; usually longer and more extensive than a minor procedure
• Ex: Mitral valve replacement, pancreas transplant, lymph node dissection

• only the most overtly affected areas involved in the surgery
• Ex: simple/partial mastectomy

• Extensive surgery beyond area obviously involved; directed at finding a root cause
• Ex: Radical prostatectomy, radical hysterectomy

• Surgery performed in a body cavity or body area with endoscopy; can correct problems, remove organs, take tissue for biopsy, re-route blood vessels and drainage systems.
• Ex: Arthroscopy, tubal ligation, hysterectomy, lung lobectomy, caronary artery bypass, cholecystectomy

Carbon monoxide on oxygen-binding sites of the hemoglobin molecule, which decreases oxygen delivery to organs. (Comen in smokers)

collapse of alveoli; reduces gas exchange and causes intolerance of anesthesia (commen problem after general anesthesia)

Blood donation made by the pt a few weeks before surgery

Family or friends donate blood exclusively for their use.

# of serious problems

# of deaths

painful urination

awakening during nighttime sleep because of a need to void

scant amt of urine

K, Vit C and B

136-145

98-106

23-30

70-110

0.5-1.1 mg/dl or 44-97 umol/L

10-20 mg/dl or 2.1-7.1 mmol/L

11-12.5 sec, 85% to 100%, or 1:1.1 patient-control ratio

0.7-1.8

30-40 sec

5000-10,000

females 18-44: 12-16 g/dl or 117-155 g/L

Females 18-44: 35-45%

Drugs for cardiac disease, respiratory disease, seizures, and HTN.

to expel secretions, keep the lungs clear, allow full aeration, and prevent pneumonia and atelectasis

Sudden swelling in one leg; the pt may feel a dull ache in the calf area that becomes worse with ambulation.

Stimulates int. motility, enhances lung expansion, mobilizes secretions, promotes venous return, prevents joint rigidity, and relieves pressure.