-
What is fecal cytology?
diagnosis of disease caused by microorganisms that live in the GI tract
-
What are the two types of microorganisms?
-
What is the most normal bacteria?
flora
-
What happens when the flora overgrows?
causes disease
-
What does a normal smear have?
bacteria everywhere
-
Why is there bacteria in the GI tract?
- synthesize vitamins
- prevent colonization of pathogenic bacteria
- stimulate development of the caecum and Peyer's patches in the GI tract
- Stimulate production of cross-reactive antibodies
-
What are the different shapes of bacteria?
- coccus/cocci
- bacillus/bacilli
- spirillium
-
What does coccus/cocci look like?
spherical shape
-
What does bacillus/bacilli look like?
rod shape
-
What does spirillium look like?
comma or spiral shape
-
What are the most common cocci?
- enterococcus faecalis
- staphylococcus aureus
-
What is coliforms?
group of rod bacteria common in feces that can ferment lactose
-
When do we do fecal cytology?
whenever we see diarrhea
-
What kind of sample do we need to do fecal cytology and why?
- fresh sample
- samples more than 15 minutes old can be unrewarding as the bacteria causing the problem may be destroyed by exposure to room air
-
How can we collect a fresh sample?
- gloved finger
- fecal loop
- thermometer (residue fromm thermometer)
-
How do you make a fecal smear?
- spread to thin on a slide
- allow to air dry
- heat fix (hair dryer or flame)
- stain with diff quik
-
What do you do if the smear is too thick?
mix with saline
-
What does a normal fecal cytology look like?
- >90% mixed population of rods
- few epithelial cells
- few/no WBCs
- no RBCs
-
What types of animals do we see campylobacteriosis in?
young animals in crowded conditions
-
What are the signs of campylobacteriosis?
- mucoid diarrhea with or without blood
- fever
- inappetance
-
What is campylobacter?
a type of spirillium
-
What does campylobacter look like?
very skinny
-
What do we scan for on 10x?
- large numbers of epithelial cells
- abnormal cells
- evaluate distribution of the sample and find a representative area to examine closer
-
What do large numbers of epithelial cells indicate?
- intestinal irritation
- sloughing of intestinal mucosa
-
What do abnormal cells look like under 10x?
large cells with abnormal nuclei, dark staining, variable N:C ratio
-
What do we look for under 40x?
- RBCs and WBCs
- scan multiple fields and evaluate the numbers of RBCs and WBCs per hpf
-
What do we look for under 100x?
- is the population of bacteria > or = to 90% rods?
- are the rods of different lengths and widths?
- do you notice any sporulated bacteria?
- are there cocci present?
- do you see spirillium?
- do you see any other organisms or cells?
-
When you see RBCs in a fecal smear what does that mean?
intestinal bleeding
-
What does it mean when there is more WBCs than RBCs?
indicates colonic inflammation
-
What could cause colonic inflammation?
- infection
- dietary indiscretion
- parasites
- protozoa
- neoplasia
-
What is the active for of giardia?
trophozoites
-
What does trophozoites look like?
pear shaped, bi-nucleate, flagellated
-
What form of giardia is out in nature that the animal ingests?
cysts
-
What does the cyst for of giardia look like?
oval shaped
-
What does balantidium look like?
- huge (40 - 60um)
- ciliated all the way around
-
What is histoplasma?
fungal organism
-
What is this?
balantidium (huge, ciliated)
-
What is this?
campylobacter (very skinny)
-
What is the arrow pointing to?
clostridium (hole in the center)
-
What type of cells are these?
columnar epithelial cells
-
What is beside A, B, and C?
- A: squamous cells
- B: WBC
- C: RBC
-
What is this?
histoplasma
-
What is the arrow pointing to?
squamous cell
-
What is this?
trophozoite (pear shaped, bi-nucleate, flagellated)
|
|
