Neuropath - Congenital Malformations

• Dorsal Induction
• Ventral Induction
• Hindbrain Patterning
• Proliferative / Migrational
• Destructive

• Failure of Neuropore Closure:
• - Craniorachischisis (total)
• - Anencephaly (anterior)
• - Myeloschisis (posterior)

• Failure of Mesoderm Closure:
• - Encephalocele
• - Meningoceole

• Occult Dysraphism:
• - Myelocystoceole
• - Meninoceole
• - Diastematomyelia
• - Diplomyelia
• - Tethered Cord
• - Spina Bifida Occulta

Cranioraschisis Totalis

Posterior Encephaloceole

Anencephaly

Encephaloceole

Spinal Dysraphism

Likely myelomeningoceole

Failure of Formation: Aprosencephaly and Atelencephaly

Failure of Cleavage: Holoprosencephaly (alobar, semilobar, or lobar)

Failure of Midline Development (Septooptic Dysplasia, Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum)

Alobar Holoprosencephaly

Cyclopsia as seen in holoprosencephaly

Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum

Alobar Holoprosencephaly

Semilobar Holoprosencephaly

Lobar Holoprosencephaly

Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum

Colpocephaly

Closed Lip Schizencephaly

Schizencephaly

Hydranencephaly

Porencephaly

Open Lip Schizencephaly

Lisencephaly

Type 1 Lissencephaly

Type I Lissencephaly

Type II Lissencephaly

Type II Lissencephaly

Polymicrogyria

Polymicrogyria

Perisylvian Syndrome

• Dandy Walker Malformation
• - Vermal Hypogenesis
• - High-riding tentorium
• - Posterio Cranial Fossa Cyst

• Dandy Walker Malformation
• Rhomboencephalosynapsis
• Joubert Syndrome

Molar Tooth Sign as seen in Joubert Syndrome

Hemimegalencephaly

Hydrocephalus

Porencephaly

Hydranencephaly

Chiari Malformation

Dandy Walker Malformation

Intraventricular Hemorrhage