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Ben Milam
- One of the Hero of San Antonioo He was 47.
- One of the senior
- He get’s up Tells “Who follows OLD BEN MilaM”
- 300 Men Followed
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Bernardo Gutierrez de Lara
- An Envoy of the revoluionaries to the United States
- Claims himself as governor when Texas an independent state of Mexico
- After 1819 Was dissastisfied with border and enlisted James Long and took Nacogdoches worked with Magee.
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Augusts W. Magee
- Us Army Officer from Louisiana
- Were able to take the cites of Nacogdoches 1812. La Bahia, 1813. San Antonio in 1813.
- Worked with Gutierrez de Lara
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James Long
- Enlisted by De Lara in 1819 when he was dissastified with border and took Nacogdoches.
- Talked to Jean Lafitte a pirate
- Galveston, Jean Lafitte
- Whle they were gone Spain took over
- Shot by prison guard after arrested
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Steven F. Austin
- Having a good time in New Orleans
- Comes to Texas
- Son of Moses the "Old 300"
- Capable, was a state legislature, a judge, a good farmer.
- Perfect colony start up
- Begins settling in area about 150 settlers before Mexican Independence in 1821.
- Had a contract with the Emperor of Mexico
- IN 1833 he met Santa Ana and agrees with request. Immigration was repealed.
- Was arrested released until Christmas and was home by 1835 in July.
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General Jaoaguin de Arrendondo
Was sent to put the Revolution down in which De lara took Nacogdoches.
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Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana
- Met Austin 1833
- Agreed to Austin's claims and Immigration was repealed
- De La Penia, a dairy that told of seven survivors
- At first a Liberal in 1833 but became a centralist
- Politial Opportunists
- Brother in law was Cos.
- He and Cos seige on the Alamo
- Was captured and made sign two treaties: The Public Treaty and The Secret treaty
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William B. Travis
- Led 150 Angry Texan Militia at Bradburn
- Attack at Anahuac
- Was in charge of the Alamo which was a key defense to San Antonio.
- Ordered by By Houston to abondon
- 183 Volunteers along with Crockett and Bowie
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Sam Houston
- "BIG DRUNK"
- Designated as temorary head of government in 1835.
- Won Presidency in 1836-38 and stepped down.
- "Hero of San Jacinto"
- In 1841-44 ran for Presidency due to not liking how Lamar was trying to do.
- Wanted the enventual annexation of Texas to the United States.
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Sam Houston's Goal in First Term
- Mainatin Security: Possible attack of the Mexican Army and the loss of the republic.
- Will maintain peaceful relationship with the indians
- Lived among the Cherokees, very different mindset than other Texans.
- Fiscal Responsibility: Texas was not much and if debt incur it would not be good for US to pay off debt
- Long Term goal was for Texas eventual annexation.
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Sam Houston's Foreign Policy
- Avoid Conflict with Mexico
- Close ties to US and Britain to make US want Texas more and have protection from Mexican
- Effect US Annexation was his goal
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Election of 1841
- Burnet Vs. Houston
- Houston won.
- It was personal due to Lamar got Houston's Adopted Father killed Chief Phillip Bowels.
- Reversed Lamar's Policies
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Anson Jones
- Last President of the Republic of Texas
- Hand Picked by Houston
- Continued Houston's Policies especially annexation
- Jone's Last official act was lowering the flag
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David G. Burnet
- Becomes the interm president of Texas in March 16, 1836.
- Orders Houston to Engage Santa Ana during the runaway scrape but Houston is waiting for the right place and the right time.
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William H. Whaton
Elected to lead instead of Austin in the Second Convention at San Felipe in April 1833
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Henry Smith
- Ran for the first presidential election o f 1836
- Lost to houston
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Mier Y Teran
- Inspection of Texas in 1828-9
- The Fredonian Rebellion
- Survey of the Eastern Border
- Check on American Settlers
- Reports:
- More Texans than Mexicans
- More European settlers
- Increasing Trade With Mexico rather than the US
- More troops in Texas
- Result:
- Reformulate new policies must be in placed: Law of April 6, 1830.
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Juan Davis Bradburn
- A Centralist
- Arrested Madero for issuing land contracts to Americans which was illegal.
- Eventually Releas Madero but Mier y Teran burned new town which angerd Texas settlers.
- At the Anahuac Disturbances Bradburn Strikes accussed by the Teans on giving sanctuary on tow run away slaves...
- Texans did not like this because they did not want every slave to do this.
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George Fisher
- Customs Inspector
- Collet cutoms from the mouth of Colorado River
- Restrictions on Trade
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Willam S. Peters
- February 1841
- North Texas, 16,000 sq. miles
- Settled 2,205320-
- and 640-acre plots
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Henri Castro
- Castro's Colony 1842
- 2134 by 1847
- French
- Castroville
- First settlement was betwen San Antonio and Rio Grande
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James Fannin
- Officer in the Goliad Masscre in March 7, 1836.
- Massacred in Goliad.
- Ordered by Santa Ana executed by General Urrea.
- 240;40 Survived
- 40 Were Executed.
- Effect on Texas: No Prisoners will cause the Texans to sand and fight.
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Mirabeau B. Lamar
- 1838-1841 Served as President of the Republic of Texas for full three years term.
- Had vision that Texas can be an Indepenent Nation
- Was vice president under Houston in 1836
- Experienced elected offical from GA and have military experience.
- Burnet was his vice president.
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Lamar's Administration
- Exact opposite of Houston
- Texas Nationalist
- Increased Spending: Military, builds Navy
- Frontier Defense: Towards the Indians, follow Texas or Get Out, or Get Killed
- Antagonized Mexico: Funds Raids to Mexico causing retaliatory raids by the Mexicans
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Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels
- Settled New Braunfels in 1845.
- Part of the The “Adelverein: Colony
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Law of April 6, 1830
- “American Problem”
- Non US Emigration
- Ends Emigration from US
- No More Slaveso End Slaves
- Tax Exemption Repealed
- Trade with United States Banned
- More Troops
- More Tax Collectors
- Not honest with them
- Not Honest with customs
- • Reaction?: Upset lots of people a lot
- Much of these people were pretty much loyal mexica
- Slave Issue was Ignored
- Found was around slave. Using the indentured servants
- People must have sneaked in Circumventing Emigration Laws
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Branch T. Archer
- President of the Consultation of 1835
- Not against Mexico but want the Constitution of 1824
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Miller County, Arkansas
- Separated by the Red River
- People were coming into texas and crossing the red river and coming into texas claiming that they were in arkansas
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Haden Edwards
- • Unscrupulous, would be Empresario•'
- Grant near Nacogdocheso Goes to their land
- Sells land that already settled
- Sells land from under people that settled there for hundred of years
- Already partially Settled
- Edward’s Mistake
- Contract Cancelled
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Fredonian Rebellion
- Republic of Redonia
- Dec 21 1826
- Established by Haden and Benjamin Edwards
- Malitia comes togeter with Austin and other colonists and ran them out.
- Rebels fled 1827
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Green DeWitt
- Dewitts’s Colony
- Most successful after Austin
- First contract in 1825
- Spanish will send them cannons
- Settled 144 Families
- Located west of Austin’s colony
- (Near Gonzales)
- Comancheo Always being attack
- Used cannons against Indians
- Most would settlers would go to De Leon’s to escape Indian attacks which will cause tensions
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Martin De Leon
- De Leon’s Colony
- On Coast, Near Present day Victoria
- 200 by 1833
- Slaves were not counted in the equation
- (NOTE: 22 other contracts)o Varing degrees of success and failures
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Marques de Rubi
- o Report on Texas (Los Adaes)
- Antiquated guns
- Settlers married locals and became farmers
- Texas was “waste of money”
- Those Americans keep on squatting in Texas
- They keep moving in
- Needs change for Texas
- Result of Reforms: San Antonio and La Bahia/Goliado Troops at Nacogdoches: New Trade Policy “Secularization”
- Treaty with Comanche, 1785: Spanish Adopt French-style Indian Policy
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Luis Juchereau de St. Denis
- Frenchman, Invited by a Spanish priest
- Trader and adventurer
- Was good at setting up trade posts
- Unwelcome Guest; Spanish Response
- Was arrested with Father Hidalgo
- Married a daughter one of the Presido
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Father Damien Massanet
- Founded 1st Spanish Mission in E. Texas
- Response to Las Salle, March 1760
- Three Priests and 110 Soldiers
- Met by Caddos: Were friendly to them
- Established a tiny mission on Neches River
- Three Priest s and three soldiers
- Went Badly: Epidemic, Drought
- Caddos became hostile to the Spanish due to brining in diseases
- Abandoned by October 1693: Set Fire to it and ran off
- Little they knew the Spanish were pulling the missions out
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Sieur de La Salle
- Robert Cavalier, Sieur de La Salle•
- Trader and Explorer
- Land Claims for France
- Establish colony; 280 colonists.
- Landed in Matagorda Bay, Feb, 1685.
- Got blown of course
- FORT ST. Louis: Built by La Salle
- Small group of people 280 or so once fort was built went to look around the area
- Return Fort St. Louis and the ships were gone, one burned, on wreck
- Spanish Reaction: 45 Survivors
- La Salle Killed
- Six Returned to Canada
- --French begins snooping in Claims in Louisiana and parts of Texas
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Luis de Moscoso de Alvarado
- Took over after Hernando de Soto was killed.
- Hernando de Soto 1542
- Led 600 Men
- Died on Mississippi River in May 1542
- Looked for Coronado
- Goes through Texas
- Discouraged
- Floated down Mississippi River
- 311 Survivors
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Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
- True Conquistador
- Governor in Mexico
- 300 horsemen, 70 infantry, and Over 1,000 Indians
- Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas
- El Turco and “Quivira”
- North to Kansas
- El Turco’s Death: Possibly just heard of the stories: Killed him buy garroted
- Coronado returned to Mexico in 1542 a two year expedition
- Saw many land and many people good recon mission
- Saw arid plains• Desserts• First to visit the interior of Texas
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Cabeza de Vaca
- Panfilo de Narvaez
- Landed in Florida in 1528: 242 Men Stranded: “Isle of Misfortune”
- Karankawas: captured and enslaved them
- Cabeza de Vaca; Estevanico (Slave)
- Coahuiltecans: Heard the tale of Vaca and were touched about their experiences which began in 1528
- Finally Arrives in Mexico 1536: Tells stories of cities of Gold: “Golden Cities”
- De Vaca’s Report: Wrote Ordeal
- Try to find out any information he can about the people in the region
- Brought first black slave in Texas
- Wrote about the value of the places
- Heard stories of the “Golden Cities”
- Old legends and stories no facts proving them to be true Brought about a spur in exploration and search of riches and glory
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Alvarez de Pineda
- Cortez in Mexico at this time 1519
- Map coast of Gulf of Mexico
- “River of Palms” Possible to be Rio Grande?
- Mapped Coast of Texas
- Pineda Killed by Indians in, 1520
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