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What is a process through which the senses detect visual, auditory, and other sensory stimuli and transmit them to the brain?
Sensation
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What are the 5 basic senses?
Sight, sound, taste, touch, and feelings
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What is a process by which sensory information is actively organized and interpreted by the brain?
Perception
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What is a humans superior ability?
Perception
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What organ provides most of the information on which the brain feeds?
The eye
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What is the tough transparent, protective outer layer covering the front of the eye that bends rays inward through the pupil?
The cornea
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What is the small dark opening in the center of the iris that responds to emotion and light?
The pupil
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What is the circular colored part of the eye?
The iris
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When does the iris contract?
In very bright light
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When does the iris dilate?
In the dark, when we are frightened, aroused, or engaged in mental activity
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What is composed of many thin layer and looks like a transparent disc?
The lens
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What is it called when the lens becomes more spherical and bulges in the center as it focuses on objects?
Accommodation
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What is the thin layer of tissue about the size of a postage stamp that contains all the sensory receptors for vision?
The Retina
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What gives us the most detailed information about our world?
Sight
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What is the tiny hole in which light rays enter the eye?
Pupil
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An upside down, 2 dimensional flat image is projected on to a screen called the?
Retina
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Receptors on the retina called _________, change the picture into electrical pulses. These are sent along the ________to your brain.
rods and cones, optic nerve
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Where is the place in which there are no rods or cones where the optic nerve leaves the eye?
blind spot
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What makes the objects you look at appear focused and not blurry?
the lens
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What are the light receptive receptors at the back of the retina called?
Rods and cones
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How many rods are in each retina?
120 million
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How many cones are in each retina?
6
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What enables us to see color and fine detail?
Cones
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What three colors are cones sensitive too?
red,green, and blue
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How many different types of cones are there?
3
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What two colors can color blind people not tell the differece between?
red and green
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What kind of light do rods work best in?
Dim
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What colors can rods detect?
None
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Is color vision present in virually all mammals?
yes
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What are visual signals called?
Cues
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What is determined by the number of cycles completed a sound wave in one second?
Frequency
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What are used to measure frequency?
Hertz
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What is determined by the frequency(ranging from high to low)?
Pitch
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What is another word for loudness?
Amplitude
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What happens as sound travels?
Its amplitude gets smaller resulting in a quieter sound
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Amplitude is measured in what?
Decibels
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What is the softest sound anyone can hear?
0 Decibels
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What are vibrations in the bone and skull?
Bone conductions
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What is the ability to detect odor?
Smell
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At what age is the odor cues memories formed?
6-10 but then decreases steadily
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How many odors can we sense and distinguish?
10,000
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How is each persons unique scent determind?
genetics
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What is the sense of smell?
Olfaction
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You can not smell something unless it is passed from a?
Liquid or solid to a gaseous state
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What are the 2 one inch square patches of tissue?
Olfactory epithelium
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How many Olfactory neurons are on each Olfactory epithelium?
10 million
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What are the receptors for smell?
olfactory neurons
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How long do olfactory neurons live?
60 days
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What are the four basic smells?
fragrant,fresh,spicy,putrid
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What is the sense of taste?
Gustation
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What are the four basic taste?
Sweet, Salty, Sour, Bitter
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What is the suggested 5th taste?
umami
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What are the small bumps on the tongue called?
papillae
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What are composed of 60-100 receptor cells which resemble the petal of a flower?
taste buds
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How long do taste buds live?
10 days
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Where are most of your taste buds located?
tip of the tongue
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Where are there no taste buds?
center of tongue
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What is the largest organ of your body?
skin
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What part of your body contains the most receptors?
finger tip
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What is information conveyed to the brain when an object touches and depreses the skin, stimulating one or more of the several distinct types of receptors found in the nerve endings?
Tactile
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What is vitally essential to the human growth and development?
Touch
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What happened in the 1980's to premature infants who were massaged for 15 minutes three times a day?
They gained 47% faster than infants who received only intensive care and left 6 days sooner. At 18 months they were also scoring higher on test of motor and mental abilities.
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What is the process by which sensory information is organized and interpreted by the brain?
perception
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What do humans percieve in?
Melodies
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