Bot 130

the typical foliage leaf consists of a wide, flat portion called:
and the stalk portion:

many leaves have little leaflike structures called ______ at the base of the petiole where it joins the stem

Where the leaf joins the stem, it forms an angle btwn the petiole and the stem called:

Buds often occur in:

The point on the stem where a leaf is attached is called the:

the space along the stem btwn nodes is the:

Many leaves lack petioles and are termed:

The base of the leaf is expanded out into a _______ which wraps around the stem and is sessile

Have only one blade

the blade consists of two or more leaflets

one of the two compound leaves where the leaflets are arranged along a central axis that is an extension of the petiole

one of the two compound leaves where the leaflets all arise from a common point at the end of the petiole

How can leaflets be distinguished from leaves?

leaves possess a wide variety of patterns of _____ which contain the sylem and phloem

monocots have ______ veins

Eudicots _____ veins

Major veins branch off along a central vein

Veins have several major veins branching from a common point

3 or more leaves at each node

tough outer layer of the leaf that helps protect the inner tissues and provieds structural support

Main photosynthetic tissue fo the leaf

Xylem and phloem are the conducting tissues which together with other tissues form the:

Plants growing in very wet environments where they are wholly or partly submerged in water are called:

Plants with leaves adapted to dry habitats are:

Plants that require a moderately moist environment:

Epidermal cells secrete a waxy layer on their outer surfaces to retard water loss called:

epidermal cells may be sqecialized to form hairs called:

Epidermal tissue typically contain many thousands of minute pores called:

Each stoma consists of a pore surrounded by two ____________ that contain chloroplasts

Large cells arranged in longitudinal rows that act to fold and unfold the leaves:

The photosynthetic tissue to leaves:

Mesophyll cells are ___________ cells packed with chloroplasts

Mesophyll tissue layer that is columnar

Mesophyll tissue layer that is irregular

As water builds up in the guard cells, it creates ________________ which causes the guard cells to bend and open the stomatal pores

Water stress causes the production of a plant hormone called:

The process of when soil moisture is high and transpiration is low, water enters the roots and can be forced out the ends of veins in leaves to form droplets

when plants drop their leaves and remain bare for some period

formed at the base of each leaf petiole

buds of woody plants are protected over the winter by modified leaves in the form of:

Large, showy flowers actually have small inconspicusous flowers surrounded by colorful modified leaves called:

Autumn leaf abscission is preceded by:

Leaf abscission is preceded by formation of an:

short, conical, underground stems surrounded by fleshy storage leaves:

Botanical usage in any nonwoody plant

movement of water across the cell membrane according to the relative concentration of dissolved substances in the watery solutions on the insides and outsides of cells

Dissolved materials:

Move from an area of high concentration to a region of lower concetration

If the concentration of solutes inside and outside a cell is the same, net water content does not change

if the solute concentration is lower outside a cell than inside, the outside solution is:

membrane sacs within cells that accumulate excess water and periodically expel it from the cell

if the concentration of solutes outside cells is higher than that inside, water will eave the cell, causing the cytoplasm to shrink

The basis for osmosis

catalysts that regulate biochemical reactions in cells

Proteins most important function

Breaking and reforming those covalent bonds into a new arrangement requires and input of energy called:

Enzymes are folded in such a way that they have a groove or pocket on their surface called:

The processes by which living organisms capture solar energy and release it to sustain life on Earth is:

Metabolism includes many kinds of chemical reaction organized into series called:

The sum of the chemical reactions that make up cellular metabolism.

If the potential energy of the substrates is greater than that of the products, energy is released and the process is said to be:

If the potential energy of the substrates is less than that of the products the reaction is

this carries energy from the exergonic to the endergonic reaction

These reactions are highly important in cell metabolism

Reaction where electrons shift from one energy level to another and move from one atom to another

When an atom or molecule loses an electron:

When a atom or molecule gains an electron

two very important electron acceptor molecules are:

This receives electrons at one end and transfers them through a series of acceptor molecules until the electron reaches the end of the chain