ENG

Expresses the thoughts and feelings of a single speaker.

• 1. didactic
• 2. dramatic
• 3. lyric
• 4. narrative
• 5. satiric

One that is written to teach a body of knowledge

A poem written in the voice of an imaginary character speaking directly without any additional narration by the author.

A summary is more brief than a paraphrase.

It conveys an attitude toward the person addressed. Tone isn't the actual attitude; it's whatever in the poem makes an attitude clear to us: the choice of certain words...

a kind of comic poetry that generally conveys a message

a fictitious character

When words say one thing but mean something else

ex. "I just love to stay home and do my hair on saturday night!"

A style of bitter irony intended to hurt or mock its target

A situation in which the larger implications of character's words, actions or situation are unrealized by that character but seen by the author and the reader or audience.

The contrast between a character's position or aspiration and the treatment he or she receives at the hands of seemingly hostile fate.

word choice

A brief sometimes indirect reference in a text to a person place or thing. Allusions imply a common body of knowledge between reader and writer and act as literary shorthand to enrich the meaning of a text

• 1. vulgate
• 2. colloquial english
• 3. general english
• 4. formal english
• 5. dialect

a word or series of words that refer to any sensory experience (sight, smell, etc.) An image is a direct or literal recreation of physical experience and adds immediacy to literary language.

implied and mixed

the endowing of a thing animal or abstract term with human characteristics.

Ex: O Moon

an overstatement

figure of speech in which that name of thing is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. "The White House decided" aka the President

the use of a significant part of a thing to stand for the whole of it. Saying wheels for cars.

• folk: narrative songs
• literary: meant for singing but written by a sophisticated poet

• a, b, c, b,
• or a, b, a, b,

• initial: cool cats
• internal: I met a traveller in an antique land.

• Repetition of two or more vowel sounds in successive words which create time.
• initial: all the awful auguries
• internal: white lilacs

a harsh discordant sound often mirroring the meaning of context in which it was used

the harmonious effect when the sounds of the words connect with the meaning in a way pleasing to the ear

a false rhyme in which the spelling of the words is alike, but the pronunciations differ (laughter and daughter)

slant rhyme

examples raisin and reason, milk and monk,

• 1. Tone
• 2. Addressed
• 3. Speaker
• 4. Tense
• 5. Plot: occasion

• aubade: a lover's morning farewell
• epigram: a short and witty commentary
• epistle: an informal lyric written to a friend
• epithalamium: a lyric celebrating a marriage
• pastoral: a lyric about love in a rural, idyllic setting
• ode: a formal ceremonial

the thing meant, carried by the vehicle

sets up a contrast

Breaking the natural order of syntax (word structure).

"I go out" "Out, I go"

An epigraph is a brief bit of text, usually borrowed from another writer, found before a poem, but after the title.

An epigram is a short, pithy saying, usually in verse, often with a quick, satirical twist at the end.

• In poetry, the omission of words whose absence does not impede the reader’s ability to understand the expression. For example, Shakespeare makes frequent use of the phrase “I will away” in his plays, with the missing verb understood to be “go.” T.S. Eliot employs ellipsis in the following passage from “Preludes”:
• You curled the papers from your hair,
• Or clasped the yellow soles of feet
• In the palms of both soiled hands.

A transferred epithet often involves shifting a modifier from the animate to the inanimate, as in the phrases "cheerful money," "sleepless night," and "suicidal sky."

• ABBA
• ABBA
• CDC
• DCD

• ABAB
• CDCD
• EFEF
• GG

/ U U

U U /

Iambic trimeter quatrain with one iambic tetrameter line with one iambic tetrameter line.

iambic quatrains that alternate tetrameter and trimeter lines rhymed a4 b3 a4 b3

only lines 2 and 4 rhyme

Tetrameter quatrains rhyming abab or abcb

unrhymed iambic pentameter.

2 successive unstressed or lightly stressed syllables.

Instructional poetry.

verse without descrete stanzas or strophes

a discrete section of a longer free verse poem