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Korsakoff Psychosis
amnestic disorder where patients have retrograde and anterograde amnesia and tend to confabulate. Usually associated with malnutrition and alcoholism.
Think of Korsakoff as "Course-askoff" b/c pts will say, "of course I remember" even when they don't
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Due to bilateral anterior temporal lobe damage. Symptoms are hyperoral, hypersexual and placid
Kluver-Bucy Syndrome
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Wernicke Disease
Lesions are here
due to thiamine deficiency. lesions in the mammillary bodies, medial thalamic nuclei, periaqueductal gray, and pontine tegmentum.
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Medial forebrain bundle
connects the Midbrain, Orbitofrontal region, septal area and hypothalamus which spell MOSH
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spinal nerve Dorsal nerve rootlets
primarily sensory
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spinal nerve ventral rootlets
primarily motor
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spinal nerves divide into rami after leaving the intervertebral foramen. the anterior rami supply:
muscles and skin of the anterolateral body and appendicular muscles and skin
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posterior rami supply:
skin and muscles of the back.
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Cutaneous Receptors:
free nerve endings:
Paccinian:
Merkel:
Meissner:
pain and temperature
touch, pressure, vibration
light touch
two point discrimination
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Dermatomes:
C5
C6
C7
C8
T2
T4
T10
shoulder
thumb
middle finger
little finger
axilla
nipple
umbilicus
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Dermatomes:
L2:
L3:
L5:
S1:
S2:
S3/4/5:
anterior thigh
knee
great toe
small toe, sole
posterior thigh
perianal, genitals
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Anterior Pituitary Hormones:
ACTH, FSH, GH, LH, prolactin, TSH
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Posterior pituitary releases
oxytocin and vasopressin, produced in the hypothalamus
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area of the cord most vulnerable to ischemia
mid-thoracic cord
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where the lumbar cistern ends
S2
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where the conus medullaris terminates in adults
L1
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Where conus medullaris terminates in newborns
L3
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where the dorsal spinocerebellar tract arises
C8-L3 (Clarks column)
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Sympathetic innervation of the eye
C8-T2 (ciliospinal center of budge)
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Sympathetic innervation of the body
T1-L2 (intermediolateral cell column)
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gives rise to the sacral outflow of the parasympathetic nervous system
S2-S4 (intermediolateral cell column)
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blood supply to the cord:
anterior spinal artery (arises fro the vertebral arteries) supplies the anterior 2/3 of the cord.
radicular arteries arise from local arteries help supply the cord
great radicular artery of Adamkiewicz provides most of the blood supply to the lumbar and sacral cord
venous return from the cord enters epidural veins (Batson's plexus) which have no valves therefore allowing the spread of infection and cancer into the epidural space.
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cuneocerebellar tract
carries afferent information about movement of the ipsilateral upper extremity and rostral body to the cerebellum
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dorsal spinocerebellar tract
carries unconscious proprioceptive information from the lower limbs and trunk
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rostral spinocerebellar tract
carries unconscious proprioceptive information from the upper limbs and rostral body to the cerebellum
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destruction of this nucelus of the thalamus causes amnesia
mediodorsal
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largest thalamic nucleus; involved in visual attention
pulvinar
"became the largest thalamic nucleus to attract visual attention)
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sensory information from the limbs meets in this nucleus
VPL, it projects to the postcentral gyrus (Brodmanns 3,2,1)
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Circumventricular organs:
neurohypophysis; organum vasculosum; subcommissural organ; pineal gland; area postrema; median eminence; subfornical organ
"NO SPAM about fornication"
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