O-Chem Test 1

σ bonds form from the head-to-head overlap of atomic (unhybridized) and/or hybrid orbitals

Example: s–p overlap in HCl

π bonds form by the sideways overlap of p and/or d orbitals Example: p–p overlap

• Single bond: contains 1 σ bond
• Double bond: contain 1 σ bond and 1 π bond
• Triple bond: contain 1 σ bond and 2 π bonds

Contains only Carbon and Hydrogen

All C's have maximum # of H's

Ring only made of only C

• Ring including atoms other than C in the ring
• (usually N or O)

C-F

cis-trans isomers

• structural isomers
• (different bond patterns)

confermational isomers

structural isomers

not related.

identical isomers

1-iodobutane

2-chloropropane

5-bromo-4,4-dichloro-3-methyloctane

2-chloro-1,3-difluorocycloheptane

cis-1,2-dibromocyclopentane

trans-1,2-dibromocyclohexane

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• or
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