MICRO Lec32 LO.txt

Mycoplasma pneumoniae do not have a ___

Mycoplasmal pneumonia use __ from host in membrane

Mycoplasmal pneumonia have a very simple __, with only a few hundred genes

The ___ of Mycoplasmal pneumonia is small

Mycoplasmal pneumonia have an ___ protein that binds to the host cell

Mycoplasmal pneumonia bind to host, but are not __

The adhesion protein of the Mycoplasmal pneumonia binds to the __ cells of the lungs

Mycoplasmal pneumonia secretes __ to damage host cell

__ cant be used to treat Mycoplasmal pneumonia because they don�t have a cell wall

Mycoplasmal pneumonia is different from typical pneumonia because ___

A common name for pertussis is ___

___ is caused by violent paroxysms of coughing

pertussis is typically a __ disease

whooping cough is usually just a __ in adults

pertussis is more serious in kids because ___

___ pertussis causes whooping cough

bordetella toxin is an __ toxin

Whooping cough incidences are increasing because adults with overlooked infections are spreading it to __

ADP-ribosylates in pertussis is from the (A/B) part of the toxin

ADP-ribosylates inhibits __ synthesis

ADP-ribosylate �___ the inhibitor�

Because ADP-ribosylate is a large functional group, it ___ camp

DTaP stands for __

To treat whooping cough, the DTaP vaccine is given __ times

DTaP is an __ subunit vaccine

What is the difference between DPT and DTaP

DTaP is acellular because it only contains a single __ instead of the whole cell

DPT was changed to DTaP because __

Mycobacterium tuberculosis has an __ cell wall

Because myco.tuberculosis grows very slowly, it is hard to treat with __

Antibiotics usually inhibit cell growth. However, antibiotics are usually ineffective against __ because of its slow growth

Fatigue, fever, weight loss, cough with blood-tinged sputum are associated with __

90-95% of people infected with tuberculosis usually __

in ___ people, tuberculosis can necrotize the lungs

in tuberculosis, an __ lesion causes edema, inflammation, and PMNLs

in tuberculosis, a __ lesion produces granulomas

Granulomas (from tuberculosis) can spread by __ and __, or __

Granulomas that spread by the blood to liver, bone marrow, and lungs are called __ tuberculosis

Disseminated tuberculosis spreads by __

Encaused granulomas in tuberculosis are prone to __ later one

Encased granulomas may later reactivate and fibrinate the __

Tuberculosis survives in macrophages by __

___ always spread person-to-person via respiratory droplets

tuberculosis is a major infectious disease because 95% of the cases are __

chemotherapy is done to treat __

isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol are used together to treat __

treatment for __ lasts a long time (6-9mo)

tuberculosis medicines prevent __ synthesis

DOT (for tuberculosis) stands for

MDR is __ and XDR is __

A BCG vaccine is used worldwide (except for US) to test for ___

In a positive BCG test, a type __ HS reaction is observed

__ is an orthomyxovirus

___ is an enveloped, ssRNA that has 8 sengments

because influenza A has 8 segments, there can be variation by __

flu is a __ virus, but it also affects __ and __

__ has 2 envelope proteins called hemagglutinin and neuraminidase

influenza A�s 2 envelope viruses are __ and __

Hemagglutinin allows __

___ allows release of the influenza A virus

influenza A is spread by _

because H and N proteins can change, ___ drift and shift can occur in influenza A virus

antigenic drigt is a minor change because ___

antigenic shift is a major change because ___

Because influenza A is segmented, it can reassort in __ hosts

Antigenic shift is based on ___

Influenza can cause a ____ when a new virus that no one has immunity to is formed (during antigenic shift)

What are 3 major pandemics of influenza in the past 100 years? (H?N?, name)

The differences in the 3 major influenza pandemics are called antigenic __

Amantadine and oseltamivir treat __

Amantadine blocks __ and __

In pneumonia, what prevents neuraminidase from functioning

For the flu, there are __ vaccines prepared

What are the 2 types of vaccines for flu

�Flu-Mist� is a live, ___, nasal spray for influenza

for influenza, injected vaccine contains __ and the nasal spray has __

Epidimiologists have determined a __ of transmission for flu, allowing them to guess what virus will cause next years flue

___ viral types are included in each flu vaccine

__ is the #1 cause of lower respiratory infection in infants

like measles, syncytial virus is a __

syncytial virus binds to the LRT epithelium and causes __

a syncytia allows virus to avoid exposure to the __

a syncytia is the __ of epithelial cells

there is no vaccine, treatment, or lasting immunity for __

�Sin Nombre� is also called __

__ is a bunyavirus that�s enveloped has has ssRNA in 3 segments

hantavirus can be contracted through ___ from infected rodents

fever, muscle aches, nausea, loss of lung function, shock, and death are complications of ___

hantavirus affects cells around __, causing ___ to leak out into lungs

hantavirus is most prevalent in __

Coccidioides immitis is a ___ that causes ___

Coccidioidomycosis has 2 spore types: ___ and __

Arthrospores develop into __ and eventually into endospores

Endospores are engulfed by ___ and form a ___

Coccidiodomycosis mostly affects people who are __

The organisms in the granulomas formed from coccidioidomycosis break out and migrate preferentially to the __

Histoplasmosis is caused by a __ that grows in __

Histoplasmosis is caused by __

An organism in the shape of a �captains wheel� is characteristic of __

The __ form of histoplasma has knobby spores

In histoplasmosis, __ are inhaled and then develop into __

Yeast, enter and can survive in __

In ___, yeast enter macrophages and cause granulomas to form

Histoplasmosis granulomas are not distinguishable from ___ granulomas on an x-ray

Histoplasmosis is most prevalent in __

Amphotericin and azoles treat __

Medicines that treat histoplasmosis, like __ and __ have many side effects