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what term is used for "naked-seeded"?
gemnosperms
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what are the seed plants that do NOT form flowers?
gymnosperms
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what has seeds that are not covered by ovary or fruit tissue? (seed is naked, but not embryo)
gymnosperm
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are most gymnosperms evergreen or decidous?
evergreen
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4 major groups of extant gymnosperms?
cycads, conifers, ginkos, gnetophytes
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Which gymnosperm groups has 300 species, is palm-like, and is in the tropics/subtropics?
cycads
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which gymnosperm group has 1 species, is a tree, and is native to China?
Ginkos
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which gymnosperm groups has 90 species, has a variable form, and wide range?
gnetophytes
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what gymnosperm groups has 700 species, are trees (coned), and are in high altitudes and latitudes
conifers
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what does it mean when a plant is vascular?
it has phloem (transports sugars), and has xylem with treicheids (transport water)
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what are the characteristics of Cycads?
Vascular, Dioecous, slow growing, highly toxic tissues if ingested, confused with ferns or palms, reproductive structures are cones (stobili), have ciliated sperm
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What are the characteristics of ginkos?
vascular, unique fan- shaped leaves with paralell venation, slow growing, dioecous, deciduous, ciliated sperm
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what are the applications of ginkos?
They can tolerate urban population, leaf extract can be taken to "enhance" memory and "improve" dementia
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What are the characteristics of gnetophytes?
vascular, mostly dioecous, have 3 genera
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what are the 3 genera of gnetophytes?
gnetum, ephedra, welwitschia
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what are the characteristics of conifers?
vascular, have small-needlelike evergreen leaves (help reduce water loss and deal w/ short growing season),produce resin that functions as antifreeze, monoecious, reproductive structures are cones, multi year life cycle
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what are the cone reproductive structures called?
strobili
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In conifers, what is the small, pollen- bearing cone of the male?
microstrobili
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In conifers, what is the large, seed bearing cone of the female?
megastrobili
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What does dioecious mean?
structures are either male or female
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what does monoecious mean?
individual plants have both male and female reproductive structures
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which group has the largest living organism on Earth, the oldest plant on Earth, and the largest Biome on Earth?
conifers
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what is the largest living organism on Earth?
Bristle cone (california)
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What is the largest plant on Earth?
Giant Sequoia (California) (General Sherman)
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What is the largest biome?
Northern Coniferous Forest (Taiga)
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What is the plant group that dominates todays landcape?
Angiosperms
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