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What are other terms used for "Tui Na"?
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What is the earliest medical reference describing Tui Na?
52 Bing Fang
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What book first mentions the therapeutic principles of Tui Na?
Huang Di Nei Jing
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In which dynasty was Tui Na practitioners graded in different degrees such as doctor, technician and manipulator?
Tang Dynasty (618-907 A.D.)
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Around what period was Tui Na / An Mo spread to Japan, Korea, and India?
Tang Dynasty (618-917 A.D.)
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What period what An Mo used in child delivery?
Song Dynasty
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The "Golden Mirror of Medicine" (Yizong Jinjian) was published in which dynasty?
Ming and Qing Dynasties
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What are the 3 common characteristics that all massage schools share?
- 1. Long history and popularized within specified regions
- 2. A respective theoretical guidance, substantial practical experience, expert indication circles, special training exercises and methods
- 3. Each school has its own special manipulations, also called "chief manipulations" or "school manipulations", and several or dozens of auxiliary manipulations as well
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What can you tell me about One-finger Meditation?
- Shoulder relaxed
- Drop elbow
- Hang Wrist
- Tip of thumb is used (LU-11 can also be used instead of tip of thumb ) - Thumb flexes and extends at the interphalangeal joint
- Frequency is 120-160 times per minute
- This technique can be applied in all part of the body (channels, collaterals, points)
- Indications: headache, vertigo, insomnia, hypertension, menstrual problems, stomachache, diarrhea, constipation, motor systems, cervical spondylopathy, lumbar
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Which region are the manipulations lucid and vigorous?
Northern China
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Which region are the manipulations exquisite and gentle?
Southern China
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What can you tell me about Rolling manipulation?
- Lower the shoulder
- Drop elbow
- Wrist / Hand - Flexes and supinates / Extends and pronates
- Elbow - extends / flexes respective to Wrist / Hand
- Frequency is 120-160 times per minute
- Can be perfomed in all points except craniofacial, anterior cervical, thoracoabdominal regions
- Most suitable for lumbodorsal, lumbobuttock and thick muscle regions of the limbs
- Can dredge channel, expel EPF wind, cold, damp
- Promote circulation / remove blood stasis
- Relieving spasm, pain, relaxing adhesions, paralysis, lubricating joints
- Good at treating diseases of motor and nerve systems
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What can you tell me about Kneading manipulation?
- Frequency is 100-160 times per minute
- Major Thenar: craniofacial, thoracoabdominal regions, swelling / aching of limbs caused by acute contusion / sprain
- Heel of palm: lumbodorsal, buttock, and thick muscle regions
- Finger: anywhere
- Elbow: deep tissue layers
- General Indications: headache, dizziness, insomnia, facial paralysis, fullness and pain in the epigastrium, oppressed feeling in the chest, pain in hypochondrium, constipation, diarrhea, lumbodorsal
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What are the seven steps of learning Tui Na?
- 1. Standardization of stance / shape / posture
- 2. Endurance
- 3. Strength
- 4. Evenness / consistency
- 5. Softness
- 6. Penetration
- 7. Effectiveness / Result
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What can you tell me about Rubbing manipulation?
- Frequency is 100-120 circles per minute
- Chest, hypocohondrium, epigastric region
- Relieve depressed liver and regulate qi circulation, warm the middle jiao, regulate the stomach, invigorate spleen, promote digestion and remove stagnant food
- "Slow rubbing is used to invigorate, quick rubbing to purge"
- Clockwise rubbing on abdomen = reduction
- Counter-clockwise rubbing on abdomen = tonification
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What can you tell me about Flat-pushing manipulation?
- Used to generate heat
- Uni-directional
- Frequency is 100 times per minute
- "warmth and force"
- Warming and dredging the channel and collaterals, promote qi and blood circulation
- Thoracodorsal region - relieve chest stuffiness, promote qi circulation, relieve cough and asthma
- Gastric / lumboabdominal region - invigorate spleen, regulate stomach, relieve depressed liver, regulate qi circulation
- Lumbosacral / lower abdomen region - invigorate loins and strengthen kidneys
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What can you tell me about Scrubbing manipulation?
- Used to generate heat
- Bi-directional (back and forth)
- Maximun 10 times
- Chest and back, abdominal
- Minor thenar - Ba Liao region (8 sacral foramen), Jia Ji (extra points), Sacrospinal muscles
- Relieve chest stuffiness, regulate qi circulation, warm channel, alleviate pain
- Expel EPF wind, cold, damp
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What causes syncopy? How to remedy?
- Weak constitution
- Nervousness
- Hypersensitive to pain
- Hunger
- Heavy manipulation can trigger
- To remedy have patient lay down and massage PC-6 with thumbs
- Call 911 if necessary
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What are contraindications for Tui Na?
- TB
- Pus filled organisms
- Cancer
- Dermatitis, bruises, scalds
- Dislocations
- Site of bleeding
- Pregnant / menstrating women in the abdomen and lumbosacral regions
- Syncopy / After strenuous exercise
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Which manipulation can achieve an acupuncture effect?
- Pressing - "with the finger instead of needle"
- can also "treat pain with pain"
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What can you tell me about Pressing manipulation?
- Involves the deep tissue layers
- Can be used on all points of the body
- Indications: relieve spasms and pain, revive conciousness, relax muscles and tendons and promoting circulation, relieve arthralgia, remove obstruction in the channels, headache, insomnia, epigastralgia, numbness of limbs, aching, paralysis, etc.
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What is the purpose of the "Exercise as the Basic Training of Tui Na"?
- 1. Improve the health and an overall development of the constitution of the practitioners, including the deveoplment of strength, sensitivity and flexibility.
- 2. Improve the structural and functional status of the local manipulating parts of the organs
- 3. Gradually improve and finally unify the adjusting functions of the nerve and endocrine system, the coordination and mutual support between hand manipulation and the internal organs
- 4. Cultivate zheng qi of the patient or practitioner
- 5. Prevent the professional injury from Tui Na
- 6. Help to achieve the seven steps of learning Tui Na
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What can you tell me about Rotating Manipulation?
- Works on all major moving joints of the body
- Lubricates joints, releases adhesions, relax muscles and tendons, relieve spasms, strengthen and renew articular moving ability
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What can you tell me about Pinching Manipulation?
- Commonly applied to the region bilateral to spine
- Promotes digestion, eliminates stagnation, strengthen spleen and stomach to dissipate dampness and promote qi circulation to activate blood
- Epigastric distention and fullness, indigestion, anorexia and chronic diarrhea
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Which manipulations are used primarily at the end of treatment?
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What can you tell me about Hold-Twisting Manipulation?
- Primarily applied to small joints of fingers and toes
- Lubricates joints, subdue swelling, alleviate pain, relax muscles and tendons to promote blood circulation
- Treats aching pain, swelling, invonvenient flexing / stretching, sprains of finger and toe joints
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What can you tell me about Wiping Manipulation?
- Frequency: 100-120 per minute
- Force should be moderate
- Mainly applied to: head, face, five sense organs, neck
- Revives conciousnes, calms mind, improve vision, alleviate pain, relax muscles and tendons to promote blood circulation
- Headaches, dizziness, facial paralysis, myopia, pain and stiffness of neck
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What can you tell me about Sweeping Manipulation?
- Thumb on Tai Yang Xue (EX-HN 5), the other four fingers "sweep" with the thumb as the pivot points
- Calms the Liver Yang, dispel wind and relieve pain, warm meridians and dispel Cold, calm mind, revive conciousness
- Headache, vertigo, hypertension, insomnia, poor memory and common cold
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What can you tell me about Vibrating Manipulation?
- Frequency: 8-12 times per second
- Calm vibrations: upper limb keeps steady
- Undulating vibration: regular and rhythmic pressing
- Applied to all points of the body, esp craniofacial and thoracoabdominal region
- Calm mind, inprove vision / intelligence, warm middle jiao and regulate qi flow, promote digestion and remove stagnated food, regulate peristalsis
- Insomnia, amnesia, anxiety, vegetative nerves, GI issues, tension of atheletes before match
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What can you tell me about Foulage Manipulation?
- For the upper limbs and costal region; waist and lower limbs
- Regulates qi, blood and tissues, relax muscles and tendons and remove channel obstruction
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What can you tell me about Traction and Counter-Traction Manipulation?
- Force should be moderate
- Traction - pulling and extending; fixing on ed of the joint / limb / body and pulling and drawing the other end
- Counter-Traction - pulling and extending in the other direction
- Neck, lumbar, shoulder, wrist, interphalangeal joints
- Malposition of joints, injury of tendons, reducing sprained muscle, tendons and displaced joints
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What can you tell me about Pulling Manipulation?
Applied to all moving joints esp neck, lumbar, four limbs
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