-
Pre-retinal Heme
- PVD
- vitB12 anemia
- Hypertension
- embolization
- anemia
- bacterial endocarditis
- valsalva
- subdural heme in childres
- subarachnoid heme in adults and children
- diabetes
- blood disorders
- leukemia
- trauma
- idiopathic
-
Flame-shaped Heme Ocular
- low-tension glaucoma
- BRVO
- CRVO
- ischemic optic neuropathy
- papilledema
- papillitis
-
Flame-shaped Heme Systemic
- HTN
- diabetes
- blood disorder
- anemia
- leukemia
- oral contraceptives (+smoking = baaaad)
- idiopathic
-
Dot-Blot Heme
- Diabetes
- Venous occlusive disease
- HTN
- juxtafoveal telangiectasia
- ipsilateral internal carotid stenosis
- choroidal neovascular membrane
- hypercoagulability or other blood disorders
- age?
-
Subretinal Heme
- Coat's Disease
- sickle cell anemia
- leukemia
- ROP
- severe diabetes
- trama
- Age Related Macular Degeneration
-
Vitreous Heme
- Diabetes
- Sickle cell anemia
- Eale's disease
- disease assocaited with periphlebitis
- HTN
- Trauma
- Retinal break with damage to vasculature
- Retinal tears associated with PVD
-
Exudates
- Diabetes
- HTN
- Coat's
- CRVO or BRVO
- Leber's
- Papillitis
- papilledema
- von-Hippel-Lindau
- Macroaneurysm or micro
-
Cotton wool spots
- HTN
- Diabetes
- Lupus
- Internal Carotid stenosis
- Anemia
- Leukemia
- Dysproteinemia
- Venous occlusive diease
- papilledema
- papillitis
- ischemic optic neuropathy
- HIV/AIDS
- Interferon drugs
-
Retinal Edema
- CSME ONLY associated with Diabetes
- Cystoid ME associated wtih many systemic vascular diseases and inflammation
-
Micronaeurysms
- Diabetes
- congestive venous disease
-
Macroaneurysm
- HTN
- arteriosclerosis
- retinal emboli
-
parafoveal telangictasia
- not stronly associated with systemic disease
- associated capillary aneurysms, edema, and exudates
-
Collateral Vessels
retinal vascular comprimise (occlusion)
-
IRMA (intraretinal microvascular abnormalities)
Diabetes
-
Neovascularization
- VEGF production
- vitreous fibrosis
- edema
- heme
- exudates
- tractional detachment
- vitreal hemes (usually from NVD)
- Diabetes
- BRVO, CRVO
- ROP
- Eale's Disease
- Sickle Cell
-
Vessle Tortuosity
- Vein: associated with venous stasis, retinal hypoxia, occlusion, Diabetes, ROP, Coat's, Sickle cell, blood disorders
- Artery: asocaited with contraction of ILM (from sickle cell, ROP, epimacular membrane)
-
Vascular Sheathing
- acquired vein sheathing assocaited with inflammation
- acquired artery sheathing assocaited with arteriosclerosis
- if both A&V, assocaited wtih papilledema
-
Lipemia Retinalis
Can be assocaited with a serious systemic disease
-
Retinal Emboli
- Significant cardiovascular disease
- HTN
- diabetes
- smoking
- obesity
- elevated LDL
- GCA
- blood disorders
- periarteritis
- ocular migraine
-
Pre-retinal or Epimacular membrane
- PVD
- retinal surgical procedures
- inflammatory disease
- vascular disease
- trauma
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