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What kind of drug is Tramadol?
senthetic opioid
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What kind of drug is Glycopyrrolate?
anticholinergic
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What drugs do we combine to make Telazol?
tilemine and zolazepam
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What is Tramadol used for?
relief of pain
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What are the side effects of Tramadol?
- upset stomach
- pupil constriction
- panting
- suppress coughing
- decreased heart rate
- constipation
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How is Tramadol metabolized and excreted?
- metabolized by liver
- excreted by kidneys
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What does glycopyrrolate do?
controls secretions and reduces intestinal motility.
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Should meloxicam - Metacam have repeated doses? Why?
no because it could cause acute renal failure and death
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What position do you put the patient in for a lung radiograph?
VD
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What position do you put the patient in for a heart radiograph?
DV
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What should be the center beam for the thorax?
heart
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What scale of contrast is the abdomen?
long
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What scale of contrast is the thorax?
short
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When should the radiograph be taken during a thorax radiograph?
peak of inspiration
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When should a radiograph be taken during a abdomenal radiograph?
peak expiration
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What should be included in a thorax radiograph?
manubrium to halfway between last rib and xiphoid
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What should be included in an abdominal radiograph?
three rib spaces cranial to the xiphoid and the greater trochanter of the femur
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How do you double the density?
- increase kVp by 20%
- double the mAs
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How do you reduce the density by half?
- decrease kVp by 16%
- half the mAs
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What is Sante's Rule?
(2 x measured thickness) + 40 = kVp
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When do you change the kVp?
if the radiograph is underpenetrated and does not have adequate contrast
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When do you change the mAs?
if there is adequate penetration
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What dental instrument is this?
scaler (makes a triangle)
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What dental instrument is this?
curette (rounded point)
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What dental instrument is this?
- probe
- 2 - 3mm for dogs
- 0 - 1mm for cats
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What dental instrument is this?
explorer
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What dental instrument is this?
ultra sonic universal tip
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ultra sonic beaver tail tip
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What dental instrument is this?
ultra sonic perio tip (fine tip)
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Which drug(s) used in lab caused an anesthetic effect?
Telazol
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Which drug(s) used in lab caused sedataion/tranquilization?
Dexdomitor
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Which drug(s) used in lab caused analgesia?
Meloxicam, Tramadol, butorphanol, dextomitor (some analgesia)
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Which drug(s) used in lab were used to prevent bradycardia?
glycopyrrolate (anitcholinergics)
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What 2 drugs are in Telazol?
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What type of drug is tiletamine?
a cyclohexamine
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What type of drug is meloxicam?
an NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug)
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What type of drug is zolazepam?
a benzodiazepine
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Is Tramadol an opioid?
no
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What type of drug is Tramadol?
an opioid (synthetic opioid)
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What are the main side effects of tramadol?
decreased heart rates and respiratory rates
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Where is Tramadol secreted from?
the kidneys (30%) and liver (70%)
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What drug(s) used in lab were opioid(s)?
butorphanol
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What type of drug is dexdomitor?
a thiazine derivative - alpha 2 agonist
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What is the reverser of dexdomitor (which was used in some labs)?
atipamezole (Antisedan)
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How should Dexdomitor be handled? Why?
with gloves. it can be directly absorbed through skin, causing the same effects in humans
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If glyco is going to be given with dexdomitor, when should it be given? Why?
at least 10 minutes before. if not it may lead to adverse cardiovascular effects such as tachycardia, hypertension, and cardiac arrhythmias
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After administration, when does glycopyrrolate hit peak effects?
at about 15 minutes
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After administration, when does butorphanol begin to take effect and for how long do the effects last?
takes effect after about 20 minutes and lasts for 3 - 6 hours
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What should be done after administration of dexdomitor?
keep quiet and let the animal rest for 10 - 15 minutes
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After administration, when does dexdomitor hit peak effect?
at about 30 minutes
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After administration, when does meloxicam hit peak effect and for how long do the effects last?
hits peak effect at about 15 minutes and stays in circulation for over 24 hours because the drug has a 15 hour terminal half-life
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After administration, when does Telazol begin to have an anesthetic effect?
within 5 - 10 minutes
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