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What are some typical subsidiary project management plans that could be included in a project management plan?
- Project scope management plan
- Requirements management plan
- Schedule management plan
- Cost management plan
- Quality management plan
- Process improvement plan
- Human resource plan
- Communication management plan
- Risk management plan
- Procurement management plan
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What are the outputs of the Initiating process group?
- Project Charter
- Stakeholder register
- Stakeholder management plan
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What are the key project baselines?
Scope, schedule, cost
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__________ is a measure of how well characteristics match requirements (errors\defects versus no obvious defects).
Quality
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_____________ is assigned based on the characteristics of a product or service (few features or many features).
Grade
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List the inputs to the Plan Quality process.
- Scope baseline
- Stakeholder register
- Cost performance baseline
- Schedule baseline
- Risk register
- Enterprise environmental factors
- Organizational process assets
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List the tools and techniques used during the Plan Quality process.
- Cost-benefit analysis
- Cost of quality
- Control charts
- Benchmarking
- Design of experiments
- Statistical sampling
- Flowcharting
- Proprietary quality management methodology
- Additional quality planning tools
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List the outputs of the Plan Quality process.
- Quality management plan
- Quality metrics
- Quality checklists
- Process improvement plan
- Project document updates
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Define quality.
The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfill requirements.
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Which quality theory is identifed: Processes are improved, mastered, and then further improvement is identified. Includes "quality circles" as a group oriented means of developing ideas.
Continuous improvement or Kaizen
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Which quality theory is identified: an improvement is planned, completed, measured, and then further improvement acted upon.
The Deming Cycle or Plan-Do-Check-Act Cycle
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Which quality theory is identified: A statistical measure of quality equating to 3.4 defects per million items. If defects can be measured, a process can be put in place to eliminate them.
Six Sigma
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Which quality theory is identified: Fourteen points of management that call for awareness of quality in all processes.
Total Quality Management (TQM)
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Which quality theory is identified: An award established by the US Congress to promote quality awareness.
Malcolm Baldridge Award
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Which quality theory is identified: Assess an organization's project management maturity level against general best practices.
OPM3 (Organizational Project Management Maturity Model)
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Which quality theory is identified: Five level of capability must exist: initial, repeatable, defined, managed, and optimized.
CMM (capability maturity model)
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In what ways for quality and project management align?
- Customer satisfaction through understanding and managing expectations
- Prevention over inspection as it is cheaper to prevent than repair defects
- Management responsibility is required for success
- Continuous improvement as processes are improved, mastered and then further improvements identified.
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What are the three primary types of cost associated with the cost of quality?
- Prevention costs
- Inspection costs
- Failure costs (internal and external costs)
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Which two types of cost associated with the cost of quality can be viewed as addressing the cost of conformance, such as training, prototyping, design reviews, and testing?
- Prevention costs
- Inspection costs
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Which type of cost associated with the cost of quality includes bug fixes, rework, cost of late delivery and customer complaints?
Failure costs
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Which quality management process includes the following key activity: Determing relevant quality standards
Quality Planning
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Which quality management process includes the following key activity: Determining how to apply standards
Quality planning
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Which quality management process includes the following key activity: Applying planned activities
Quality Assurance
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Which quality management process includes the following key activity: Ensuring continuous improvement
Quality Assurance
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Which quality management process includes the following key activity: Monitoring results
Quality Control
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Which quality management process includes the following key activity: Identifying ways to eliminate unwanted results
Quality Control
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What are the key outputs of Quality Planning?
- Quality management plan
- Quality improvement plan
- Quality metrics
- Quality checklist
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What are the key outputs of Quality Assurance?
- Requested changes
- Recommended corrective action
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What are the key outputs of Quality Control?
- QC measurements
- Validated defect repair
- Recommended corrective and preventive actions
- Requested changes
- Recommended defect repair
- Validated deliverables
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A ________________ is a graph that depicts upper and lower control limits, upper and lower specification limits, and actual performance data collected from project activities
Control chart
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Which quality planning tool is described: Generally, an open forum that includes knowledgeable prople in appropriate disciplines and encourages free expression of ideas.
Brainstorming
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Which quality planning tool is described: Diagrams to help identify logical grouping based upon similar attributes
Affinity diagrams
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Which quality planning tool is described: Visual depictations of forces that favor and oppose change
Force field analysis
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Which quality planning tool is described: Small brainstorming groups where output is reviewed by a larger group
Nominal group techniques
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Which quality planning tool is described: Mutiple groups of information presented to show relationships between factors, causes and objectives. Each intersection of a row and column describes a relationship.
Matrix diagrams
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Which quality planning tool is described: Provides a method of ranking sets of problems by importance
Prioritization Matrices
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Who is responisble for managing the overall responsiblity of quality in the organization?
Senior management
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Who is responisble for managing the overall responsiblity of quality of the project?
Project manager
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Which PM skills that are similar to those of a line manager, does the PM use to lead the team?
- Determine the HR needs of the project
- Negotiate with line managers for internal resources
- Acquire external resources through the procurement process
- Determine training needs
- Identify/plan team-building activities
- Determine the performance review approach for motivational purposes
- Determine the reward and recognition approach for motivational purposes
- Document the team structure and each team's responsibilities
- Create a project organization chart
- Develop a staffing management plan
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Who is part of the project management team?
Project manager, project sponsor, any one else responsible for planning, controlling and closing the project.
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What are the key inputs of Develop the Human Resources Plan?
- Activity resource requirements
- Enterprise environmental factors
- Organizational process assets
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What tools and techniques are used during Develop the Human Resources Plan?
- Organization charts and position descriptions
- Networking
- Organizational theory
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What are the key outputs of the Develop Human Resources Plan?
Human Resources Plan
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Which human resources planning tool is described: Graphically displays work packages according to departments
Organizational breakdown structure (OBS)
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Which human resources planning tool is described: Identified the work assigned to each department
Organizational breakdown structure (OBS)
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Which human resources planning tool is described: Graphically displays resources by type
Resource breakdown structure
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Which human resources planning tool is described: Effective in tracking costs and groups resources even if they are working on different deliverables
Resource breakdown structure
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Which human resources planning tool is described: A change displaying resources and for which assignments they are responsible
Ressponsibility Assignement Matrix (RAM)
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Which human resources planning tool is described: Allows easy identification of all responsiblities for a given resource
Responsibility Assignment Matrix (RAM)
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Which human resources planning tool is described: A specific type of responsibility matrix that shows resources that are responsible, accountable, consulted, and informed in project activities
RACI matrix
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Which human resources planning tool is described: Provides more detail than a RAM
RACI matrix
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Which human resources planning tool is described: Text based description of responsibilities
Position description
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Which human resources planning tool is described: Provides a high level of detail for a given position
Position description
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Which human resources planning tool can contain resources other than human resources?
Resource breakdown structure
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What is used to document the type of resources needed, the timing of the resources, how the resources will be acquired, start and end dates, training requirements and other information?
Staff Management Plan
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What are the key inputs to Plan Communications?
- Stakeholder register
- Stakeholder management strategy
- Enterprise environmental factors
- Organizational process assets
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What are the tools and techniques used during the Plan Communications activity?
- Communication requirements analysis
- Communications technology
- Communications models
- Communications methods
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Whare are the outputs of the Plan Communications activity?
- Communications management plan
- Project document updates
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What are the biggest challenges to communication on the project?
- Lack of clear direction on when and how to communicate
- People are reluctant to initiate unsolicited communication
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What is the goal of the communications plan?
The process of developing a communications plan addresses the information and communications needs of the stakeholders by determining the what information each stakeholder needs and defining an approach to ensure the needs are met.
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What tool is used to organize risks in a hierarchical structure?
Risk Breakdown Structure
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What technique uses simulations and probability to determine quanitative risk?
Monte Carlo analysis
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What two qualities of a risk are required for assessment?
Probability and consequences\impact
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When is quantitative risk analysis generally performed?
High probability, high impact
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What technique uses probabilities and costs for structure decision-making?
Decision tree analysis
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What tool is useful to capture and track risks, their impacts and probability, proposed responses, and the current status?
Risk register
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The ___________________ is a definition of how risk will be managed, including approach, tools, and techniques for the project.
Risk methodology
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The ___________________ includes the risk methodology, roles/responsibilities, budget, execution timing, and definitions for risk categories, probablilities, and impacts.
Risk management plan
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The ___________________is where the project manager captures responses to specific risks that have been identified during the risk identification process.
Risk response plan
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What are the key inputs to the Plan Risk Management activity?
- Project scope statement
- Cost management plan
- Schedule management plan
- Communications management plan
- Enterprise environmental factors
- Organizational process assets
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What are the tools and techniques used during the Plan Risk activity?
Planning meetings and analysis
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What are the output of the Plan Risk activity?
Risk management plan
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What categories of risks should be defined in risk management planning?
- Technical - associated with new tech
- External - Risk associated with forces or entities outside the project organization
- Organizational - Risk associated with either the organization running the project of the organization where the project will be implemented
- Project management - Risk associated with the project management process
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___________ is the likelihood that the risk will occur.
Probability
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_______ is the effect of the risk if it does occur
Impact
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What are the steps in the risk management process?
- Identification
- Analysis
- Response planning
- Monitoring/controlling
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What type of risk uses techniques to further advance the probabilities and impacts of project risks?
Quantitative analysis
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A modeling technique, such as Monte Carlo simulation, may be used as part which type of risk analysis?
Quantitative risk analysis
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Who is responsible of identifying project risks?
Project manager, team members, subject matter experts, customers and stakeholders
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Which process determines the risks that might impact the project and characterizes those risks?
Identify risks
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What are the inputs to the Idenfity Risks process?
- Risk management plan
- Activity cost estimates
- Activity duration estimates
- Scope baseline
- Statkeholder register
- Cost management plan
- Schedule management plan
- Quality management plan
- Project documents
- Enterprise environmental factors
- Organizational process assets
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What are the tools and techniques used in the Identify Risks process?
- Documentation reviews
- Information gathering techniques
- Checklist analysis
- Assumptions analysis
- Diagramming techniques
- SWOT analysis
- Expert judgement
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What are the outputs of the Identify Risks process?
Risk register
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What information does the risk register contain?
- Risk description
- Date identified
- Category
- Potential response
- Current status
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When should the Identify Risks process be conducted?
Throughout the project, including major milestones, and when a risk occurs.
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Which type of risk is most concerned with ranking risks?
Qualitative
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Which type of risk analysis quickly prioritizes risks in order to conduct reponse planning and quantitative risk analysis, if needed?
Qualitative risk analysis
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What are the inputs to the Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis process?
- Risk register
- Risk management plan
- Project scope statement
- Organizational process assets
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What are the tools and techniques used in the Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis process?
- Risk probablility and impact assessment
- Probability and impact matrix
- Risk data quality management
- Risk categorization
- Risk urgency assessment
- Expert judgement
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What are the outputs of the Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis process?
Risk register updates
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Which type of risk assigns a numerical value to risks and looks at the risks highest on the list of prioritized risks during qualitative analysis?
Quantitative analysis
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What are the inputs to the Perform Quanitative Risk Analysis process?
- Risk register
- Risk management plan
- Cost management plan
- Schedule management plan
- Organizational process assets
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What are the tools and techniques used during the Perform Quanitative Risk Analysis process?
- Data gathering and representation techniques
- Quanitative risk analysis and modeling techniques
- Expert judgement
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What are the output of the Perform Quanitative Risk Analysis process?
Risk register updates
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Decision tree analysis is used as part of what type of analysis?
Quantitative risks analysis
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Which two values are used in decision tree analysis?
Probability and cost
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What results when probability is multiplied by cost?
Expended monetary value
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Positive risks are considered ____________.
Opportunities
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Which process focuses on developing options to deal with risks?
Plan Risk Responses
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What are the inputs to the Plan Risk Responses process?
- Risk register
- Risk management plan
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What are the tools and techniques used during the Plan Risk Responses process?
- Strategies for negative risks or threats
- Strategies for positive risks or opportunities
- Contingent reponse strategies plan
- Expert judgement
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What are the outputs of the Plan Risk Responses process?
- Risk register updates
- Risk-related contract decisions
- Project management updates
- Project document updates
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What are the four responses to negative risk?
- Mitigate
- Avoid
- Transfer
- Accept
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What are the possible responses to positive risks?
- Exploit
- Share
- Enhance
- Accept
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Which risk response involves eliminating the threat by changing the project management plan?
Avoid
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Which risk response involves taking no steps as a result of the risk?
Accept
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Which risk response involves using a third party to help capture an opportunity?
Share
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Which risk response involves shifting the risk to a third party?
Transfer
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Which risk response involves taking steps to make the opportunity happen?
Exploit
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Which risk response involves reducing either the probability or the impact of the risk?
Mitigate
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What is a contigency reserve?
Funds set aside to use in the event of a realized overrun
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Which activity focuses on identification and analysis of new risks, as well as the tracking of previously identified risk triggers?
Rick monitoring and controlling
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When should risks be re-evaluated?
- A risk trigger is identified
- A chnage request is approved
- Key project milestones are reached
- Project phase ends
- Deviations are detected in variance and trend analysis
- Corrective or preventive actions are implemented
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Which type of management involves the relationship between buyer and seller when products, services, or other results are being purchased?
Procurement management
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What document defines the work in order to allow buyers the ability to evaluate and bid the work?
The statement of work (SOW)
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What are the three primary types of contracts?
- Fixed price
- Time and material
- Cost reimbursement
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What are the inputs to the Plan Procurement activity?
- Scope baseline
- Requirements documentation
- Teaming agreements
- Risk register
- Risk-related contract decisions
- Activity resource requirements
- Project schedule
- Activity cost estimates
- Cost performance baseline
- Enterprise environmental factors
- Organizational process assets
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What are the tools and techniques used during the Plan Procurement activity?
- Make-or-buy analysis
- Expert judgement
- Contract types
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What are the outputs of the Plan Procurement activity?
- Procurement management plan
- Procurement statements of work
- Make-or-buy decisions
- Procurement documents
- Source selection criteria
- Change requests
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What are the pros and cons of the firm fixed price contract type?
Benefits the buyer. Seller is at risk if item isn't clearly defined. Seller must manage changes closely.
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What are the pros and cons of the fixed price incentive contract type?
More administrative effort for both buyer and seller
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What are the pros and cons of the fixed price with economic price adjustment contract type?
Used for very long term performance when costs can increase or decrease over time. The EPA clause must relate to a well-known financial index
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What are the pros and cons of the purchase order contract type?
Optimal for commodities such as computers
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What are the pros and cons of the cost reimbursement (cost + additional fee) contract type?
Benefits the seller because his costs are covered. Risk to buyer if costs are higher than anticipated. Budget could be impacted.
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What are the pros and cons of the time and materials contract type?
Seller benefits if amount of work can be extended which impacts the buyer's budget.
-
What are the three types of cost-reimbursement contracts?
- Cost plus fixed fee (CPFF)
- Cost plus incentive (CPIF)
- and Cost plus award fee (CPAF)
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Who has responsibility for tailoring the contract for goods or services to the needs of the project?
The Project Management team
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What are some diagramming techniques that can be used to identify risk?
- Cause-and-effect diagrams. These are also known as Ishikawa or fishbone diagrams, and are useful for identifying causes of risks.
- System or process flow chartsshow how various elements of system interrelate, and the mechanism of causation. Seeing the flow sometimes triggers someone to identify a risk that may have slipped through the cracks.
- Influence diagrams. These are graphical representations of situations showing causal influences, time ordering of events, and other relationships among variables and outcomes.
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What is the diagramming technique that depicts the project's sensitivity to costs or other factors?
Tornado diagram
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What is the diagramming technique that analyzes a project to determine how susceptible it is to being negatively impacted by a risk?
Sensitivity analysis
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What type of plan describes the various specific actions that will be taken if the risk occurs?
Contingency plan
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What type of plan is implemented if the contingency plan fails?
Fallback plan
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What are workarounds in project management?
Workaround is a task that was not planned, but has to be done if a risk event has occurred.
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What is a risk audit?
Risks audit is the process of revising risk management activities. Its main objective is to ensure that the project manager is effectively performing risk management.
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What type of risk is that part of the risk left after mitigating against a primary risk?
Residual risk
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What type of risk is a brand new risk introduced because you have mitigated against the primary risk?
secondary risk is a brand new risk introduced because you have mitigated against the primary risk.
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What is the cost, or time reserve that is used to manage unidentified risks or “unknown-unknowns”
Management Reserve
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Which of the reserves require management approval prior to using?
Management reserve
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