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Transition period
Phases the newborn goes through
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First period of Reactivity
last up to 30 minutes
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Second period of Reactivity
- 4-8hrs. after birth
- last 10mins. to several hrs.
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Heart Rate
- 160-180 Falls gradually after 30 mins. to
- 100-120
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Respirations
60-80 (irregular)
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Surfactant
protein in lungs (to prevent from sticking)
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Apical pulse (PMI) point of maximal impulse
4th intercostal space and to the left of midclavicular line
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Late clamping
expands blood volume in newborn
-
delayed >2mins
- hyperviscosity (possible emboli)
- increased H&H and RBC's
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WBC's
- normal at birth (18,000 range 9,000-30,000)
- rises 23,000-24,000 first day
- stables at 11,500
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Platelets
- 200,000-300,000 same in baby & adults
- baby cannot synthesis Vit. K (for clotting)
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Brown fat
helps baby maintain heat
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Heat loss
- Convection
- Radiation
- Evaporation
- Conduction
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Convection (heat loss)
is the flow of heat from the body surface to cooler ambient air.
-
Radiation (heat loss)
is the loss of heat from the body surface to a cooler solid surface not in direct contact but in relative proximity.
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Evaporation (heat loss)
is the loss of heat that occurs when a liquid is converted to a vapor.
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Conduction (heat loss)
is the loss of heat from the body surface to cooler surfaces in direct contact.
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Cold stress
- causes:
- metabolic acidosis
- hypoglycemia
- hyperthermia
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Urine
- 6-8 voidings per day of pale straw colored urine are indicative of adequate fluid intake after the first 3-4 days.
- infants void 15-60ml of urine/day
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Jaundice
Jaundice doesnt usually appear until the bilirubin level reaches 5mg/dl.
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Caput succedaneum
easil identifiable edematous area of the scalp, most commonly found on the occiput.
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Cephalheatoma
- is a collection of blood between a skul bone and its periosteum; therefore a cephalhematoma does not cross a cranial suture line.
- (potential for serious complications such as jaundice)
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Subgaleal hemorrhage
- is bleeding into the subgaleal compartment
- (potential for serious complications such as anemia or hypovolemic shock)
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Babinski reflex
the outer sole of the foot is stroked upward from the heel across the ball of the foot; this causes the big to eto dorsiflex and the other toes to hyperexten
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Normal Temp
- average 37 C (98.6 F)
- range 36.5 C (97.7 F) -37.2 C (98.96 F)
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Respiration Rate
- 40 breaths/min
- vary between 30 and 60 breaths/min or may be higher than 60 if newborn is very active or crying
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Heart Rate (Apical Pulse)
120-140 beats/min
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Birth weight of a term infant typically ranges from 2500 to 4000g
(5lbs. 8oz - 8lbs 8oz)
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The term neonate's head circumference ranges from 32 to 36.8cm
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In the term neonate, head to heel length ranges from 45 to 55cm
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Ketorolac (Toradol)
has been shown to be effective in the management of postoperative neonatal pain.
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CRIES (neonatal pain scale)
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clorimazole or miconazole
to help with diaper rash
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nystatin or fluconazole
oral antifungal preparation to elimante any gastrointestinal source of infection
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