CIS 235

• Sofware
• Hardware
• Data
• Procedures
• People

To help people who work in a business to acheive goals and objective.

• Software: microsoft word, etc
• Hardware: computer, keyboard, monitor
• Data: the words, sentences/RAW facts and figures
• Procudures: the methods you use/step by step way of running business/flow charts, etc.
• BMP-Business process management
• People: you

data

software

hardware

hardware

IT refers to the products, methods, inventions, and standards that are used fro the purpose of producing information. IT is hardware, software, and data components.

IS-the ASSEMBLY of hardware, software, data, procedures, and people that produce information.

You can buy IT but you can NEVER buy IS

The products, methods, inventions and standards that are used for the purpose of producing information.

A group of components that interact to produce information.

the development and use of information systems that help businesses achieve their goals and objectives.

• Information systems that tranck organizational documents, Wev pages, and related material. pg 342
• Google is the world's largest content management system

• systems that track changes to documents and provide features to accommodate concurrent work.
• (Google Docs, Windows Sky Drive)

Google Docs, Windows Live Sky Drive

Track changes and provide features to accomodate concurrent work

A wiki is a website whose users can add, modify, or delete its content via a web browser using a simplified markup language or a rich-text editor.

Wikis are typically powered by wiki software and are often created collaboratively by multiple users. Examples include community websites, corporate intranets, knowledge management systems, and notetaking.

• 1965 Gordon Moore.
• "the number of transistors per square inch on an intergrated chip doubles every 18 months"

Abstract reasoning-the ability to make and manipulate models.

Systems Thinking-the ability to model the components of the system, to connect the inputs and outputs among those components into a sensible whole

The existing ones don't adequately meet business needs

network of activites, roles, resources, repositories, and data flows that interact to accomplish a business function

• Activities
• Roles
• Resources
• Repositories
• Data Flows

Decision

Repository

DATA FLOW

Activities

Data

moves work from the human side to the computer side

data is recorded facts and figures

• Information is Data presented in a meaningful context

take data, present in a meaningful manner (information), then derive knowledge from the information, and then make a decision.

• What you know-the answer
• *now you can make decisions

• Information must be
• accurate
• tiemley
• relevant
• just barely sufficient info??
• worth its cost

• day to day activities
• ex. How many widgets should we order from vendor A?/ Should we extend credit to vendor B?

Systems that support Operational Decision Making: Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)-information systems that support operational decison making/lowest level of decision made by machines.

• concerns the allocation and utilization of resources-some automated/some augmented
• ex. how much should we budget for computer hardware and programs for the dept/how many engineers should we assign to project B

Information Systems that support managerial decision making-Managerial Information Systems (MIS)

Managerial Information Systems

• concerns broader-scope, significant magnitude, organizational issues-Augmented
• ex, Should we start a new product line?/Should we acquire company A?

Information systems that support strategic decision making are - EIS-Executive Information Systems

• Executive Information System
• Example:

Automated-hardware and software do most of the work

Augmented-humans do the bulk of the work

• DT-Intellingence Gathering
• IS-communication applications (email, video conferencing, word processing, presentation/Query and reporting sytems/Data analysis applications

• DT-Alternatives formulation
• IS-communication applications (email,etc)

• DT-Choice
• IS-spreadsheets, financial modeling, other modeling

• DT Implementation
• IS-Communication applications (email, etc)

• DT Review
• IS-Communications/query and reporting/spreadsheets and other analysis

• 1-Intellingence Gathering
• 2-Alternatives formulatin
• 3-Choice
• 4-Implementation
• 5-Review

• 1-Competition from vendors of substitutes
• 2-Competition from NEW competitors (entrants)
• 3-existing rivals
• 4-Bargaining Power of - suppliers
• 5-Bargaining Power of - customers

pg 49

network of value created activities

• 5 primary-directly to the production
• Inbound Logistics
• Operations Manufacturing
• Outbound Logistics
• Sales and Marketing
• Customer Service

4 support-assist and facilitate primaryprocurmenttechnologyHRfirm infrastucture

The difference between the value the activity generates and the cost of the activity

• 1) Create a new product or service
• 2) Enhance products or services
• 3) Differnetiate products or services

• 1) Lock in customers and buyers
• 2) Lock in suppliers
• 3) raise barriers to market entry
• 4) establish alliances
• 5) reduce costs

They developed a customer relationship system that the other casinos didn't have.

money, time (customers harder to et new than retain)

is NOT loyalty marketing!!

• Send offer
• analize results (measure, test, track)
• evaluate
• Refine

To make it harder for competors to "catch up"

How? patents, complex and innovative systems, customer loyalty????

• Financial
• Technology
• Customer Loyalty (brand recognition)

An informatin system for storing and retrieving organizational knowledge, whether that knowledge is in the form of data, documents, or employee know-how p 211

• The process of creating value from intellectual capital and sharing that knowledge with empoyees, managers, suppliers, customers, and others who need that captial.
• (Although KM is supported by IS technology, KM is NOT technology. It's a process supported by the 5 compnents of IS with an emphasis on people, their knowledge,and effective menas for sharing that knowledge with others.)

• 1-fosters innovation by encouraging the free flow of ideas
• 2-improves customer service by streamlining response time
• 3-boosts revenues by getting products and services to market faster.
• 4-enhances employee retention rates by recognizing the value of employees' knowledge and rewarding them for it.
• 5-streamlines operations and reduces costs by eliminating redundanct or unnecessary porcesses.

DOCUMENTS

• 1-huge
• 2-documents do not exist in isolation from each other
• 3-document contents are perishable
• 4-every doc must be translated into all language
• 5-content must be arranged and indexed

form of KM. Rule-based sytems that encode knowledge in the form of IF/Then rules.

self-describing collection of intergrated records. Collection of tables PLUS relationships among the rows in those tables PUS special data called metadata, that describes the structure of the database.

• 1-tables or files
• 2-relationships
• 3-metadata

DBMS-the PROGRAM use to create, process, and administer a database.

• row-
• the collection of data for all columns is called a row (record)

Row

fields

field

• aka, table
• a group of similar rows or records

character of data

table

uniquely identifies each record in the table

a column or group of colums used to represent relationships. Values of the foreign key match values of the promary key in a different (foreign) table. pg 103

• data that describes data
• Field Properites are meta data

DBMS is the program and a database aplication is a collection of forms , reports, queries, and application programs that process a database.

forms, queries, and application programs

summary of the requirements of the database in a logical representation of the structure of the data

A data model that visualy describes the entities (things) that will be stored in the database and the relationships amonth those entities.

an attribute (or group of) whose value is associated with one and only one entity instance. p 385

ex. OrderNumber is an identifier of Order because only one Order insatance has a given value of OrderNumber

describe the characteristics of the entity.

• ex attributes of Salesperson are
• SalespersonName
• Email
• Phone

the process of converting poorly structured tables into two or more well-structured tables.

Every table should only have ONE theme

by normalizing data and having tables have only 1 theme so if they need to be changed there is not a problem

• the relationship of one table to another
• One-to Many
• Many to Many
• one to one
• etc.

in the many

no, should be first and last name separate

the users

select critera in the column you want to limit and put it your criteria

make sure all data is where you want it and run a simple query if necessary. select query wizzard. cross tab query. choose colums and rows and calculations.

in a simple query you choose which tables to combine, in a cross tab query you must create a simple query first to make sure all of the data is inculded and then you choose rows and column and a calculation in the intersecting cells.

• IIF constraint, if true, if false
• <field names>

Personal

• Workgroup
• 
  Enterprise

Interenterprise

• ex: contact manager
• single user; procedures informal; problems isolated; data duplication among employees; easy to manage change

• ex: scheduling of groundskeeping
• 10 to 100 users; procedures understood witin group; problem solutions within group; data duplication amongh departments; somewhat difficult to change

• ex: Charging of membership fees
• 100 to 1000's of users; procedures formalized; problems solutions affect enterprise; data duplication minimized; very difficult to change

ex: ordering of restaurant supplies from suppliers

1000's of users; procedures formalized; problems solutions affect multiple organizations, controlled data duplication; difficult to change; interorganization IS required.

A silo is a condition that existswhen data are isolated in separated information systems.

They arise as a consequence of an organization's growth and increasing use of information systems.

They are not a problem until they begin to share data about the same entities (duplicate data).

• Sales and marketing
• Operations
• Manufacturing
• Customer Service
• Human Resources
• Accounting

• Lead generation
• lead tracking
• customer management
• sales forecasting
• product and brand management

• order entry
• order management
• finsihed-goods inventory managment

• inventory (raw materials, goods-in-process)
• planning
• scheduling
• operations

• order tracking
• account tracking
• customer support and training

• recruiting
• compensation
• assessment
• HR planning

• general ledger
• financial reporting
• cost accounting
• accounts receivable
• accounts payable
• cash management
• budgeting
• treasury management

Information systems that span an organization and support activities in mulitple departments.

information systems that are shared by two or more independent organizations.

predesigned prodedures for using the software, products that saved organizations from expensive and time-consuming business processes reengineering. Supposedly based on industry's "best practices"

• 1-Marketing
• 2-Aquisition
• 3-Relationship Management
• 4-Loss/Churn

• Act! Goldmine (lower end)
• Salesforce.com
• Sugar (larger organizations)
• Microsof Dynamics
• Oracle/Siebel-suite of products

• Enterprise Resource Planning
• suite of applications, a database and a set of inherent processes for consolidating business operations into a single, consistent, computing platform.
• (supply chain, manufacturing,CRM,HR, Accounting)
• SAP leader of ERPs

Enterprise Application Integration-suite of software aplications that integrates existing sustems by providing layers of software that connect applications together.

• Collaborative managment
• Requirements Gaps
• Transition Problems
• Employee Resistance
• EXPENSIVE

A NETWORK OF ORGANIZATIONS AND FACILITIES THAT TRANSFORMS RAW MATERIALS INTO PRODUCTS DELIVERED TO CUSTOMERS.

• facilities-location, size, and operations methodology of the places where products are fabricated, assembled, or stored.
• inventory-size, inventory managment (includes all the materials in the supply chain, including raw, wip, and fg.)
• transportation-in-house/outsourced, mode, routing
• information-affecting the wyas that organizations in the supply chain request, respond, and inform one another-purpose, availability, means

a phenomenon in which the variability in the size and timing of orders increases at each stage up the supply chain, from customer to supplier.

• 1-reduced costs of buying and selling
• 2-supply chain speed-$ value of goods exchanged in given period of time
• 3-reduce size of inventories
• 4-improve delivery scheduling-JIT

• Abstract Reasoning
• Systems Thinking
• Collaboration
• Ability to Experiment

Occurs when two or more people work together to achieve a common goal, result, or work product.

occurs when all tem members meet at he same time.

• shared calendars, invitation, and attendence
• can be conference calls, webinars, multi party chat, etc.

When team members do not meet at the same time.

ex, email, discussion forums, team surveys, google docs, sharepoint, etc.

limit actions that can be taken by any particular user, and give control over the changes to particular users