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How does diathermy produce heat?
from conversion of high frequency electromagnetic energy to heat energy
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How deep does diathermy heat?
3-5cm
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Any device that creates an electrical current also generates what?
electrical and magnetic field
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What do tissues of high fat content do?
insulate and resist the passage of current
heats up and can burn patient easily
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Electrical fields pass thru tissues with the least what?
resistance
skin, muscle
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What type of waves does diathermy produce?
long waves...penetrates deep
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What two types of fields does SWD contain?
- condensor field
- induction field
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Which field is the body part of the circuit?
condensor
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What does the condensor field heat and what is used to do it?
heats tissues of low conductivity such as fat, ligaments, tendons, cartilage
uses plates to heat
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What 2 types of plates are used in the condensor field?
air spaced plates-body part goes inbetween
parallel circuit-body part is under the electrodes and energy moves plate to plate
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What type of tissues does the induction field heat?
blood, muscle, sweat
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What are some ways the induction field uses to heat up?
- drum electrode (hinged drum to allow to fit around body part)
- single drum unit (like what we have in lab...use towels to protect)
- cable electrode (looks like stove burner)
- wrap around (cable wraps around body part)
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What type of diathermy is used for wound healing and why?
- PSWD-pulsed short wave diathermy
- has on/off cycle to allow for heat up and cool down
- nonthermal
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Microwave diathermy uses what to emit radar waves?
magnetron oscillator
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What are some physiological effects of SWD?
- decreased pain-sedation of sensory nerves
- increased local metabolism
- increased perspiration
- increased vasodilation, blood flow, O2
- increased muscle relaxation
- increased temp, resp, pulse, decreased BP is used for a long time
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What are some general guidelines to be aware of when using SWD?
- position and drape for maximum effect
- use wooden chair or plinth only
- electrodes placed evenly and use even pressure on electrodes
- perspiration-be sure to use toweling
- do not use on morbidly obese
- towels between skin surfaces
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What are some indications?
- deeper tissues
- subacute and chronic stages of superficial joints
- subacute and chronis traumatic and inflammatory conditions in muscles
- indirect heating for PVD (place on trunk for increased blood flow to extremities)
- subacute hematoma
- treat large areas
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What are some disadvantages?
- area being treated not visible
- potentially more hazardous
- costly, time consuming
- pt cant move suring treatment
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What are some advantages?
- reach deeper tissues
- treat lg surfaces
- cant burn bone
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What are some precautions of diathermy?
- no jewelry or metal objects in field, hearing aids, watches
- wooden chair or plinth
- no sweat accumulation
- decreased sensation
- open wounds/moist dressings
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What type of patient should you never treat with diathermy?
pts with pacemakers and cardiac disease
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What are contraindications of diathermy?
- debilitated
- cancer
- ischemic areas
- hemorrhage/active bleeding
- young/old
- thrombophlebitis
- no foam/plastic in area-nylons
- fever
- acute inflammation
- pregnancy/menstration
- directly over a bleeding gastric ulcer
- careful over scar
- obesity
- epiphysis of growing bones
- transcerebrally
- moist dressings
- infection
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