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we all assume infant is...
trying to communicate with us
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0-6 months
2
- baby gazes at mom's face and vocalizes
- mom and baby change gaze patterns to fit one another
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3 weeks
baby begins to imitate gross movements (social smile)
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6 weeks
- smile in response to external environment (voice, tickle)
- signal of engagement
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by 12 weeks (3 months)
- infant reacts differently to different facial expressions of caregiver
- caregiver begins exaggerated expressions
- both mutual gaze and gaze directed at specific objects
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by 16 weeks (4 months)
- baby is beginning to learn to have a certain amount pf cntrol re stimulus response
- ritual and game playing
- proto-conversation (almost) conversing
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at 5 months old..
child is able to vocalize to tell defferent attitudes / emotions
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by 6 months..
- baby is more interested in toys / objects
- better hand/eye coordination
- ear-voice link -understands that he is the one speaking
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7 - 12 months
- child can be intentional
- responds differently to different partners
- follows simple requests
- more imitation
- begins using own vocalizations
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intentionality
- prelocutionary stage
- illocutionary stage
- locutionary stage
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prelocutionary stage
- pre-intentional communication
- nonspecific communication like crying
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illocutionary stage
- conventional gestures indicate intention
- consistent sound and intonation patterns
- protodeclaritives (almost words)
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locutionary stage
- intent conveyed by words
- words replace gestures as primary communication mode
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during late prelocutionary and illocutionary stage of intentionality, baby is..
learning to attach meaning to symbols like words
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bracketing
use intonations, rythms, etc to help figure out breaks in stream of 'talk'
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clustering
- attends to predictable units within the stream of speech
- ex) syllables
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caregivers use...
- context and predictable routines that set up a script for future language learning
- this becomes event knowledge
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motherese : speech register
- everyone over four does it
- way we talk to infants and toddlers
- culturally specific
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motherese : syntax
- fewer run-on sentences
- shorter, less complex sentences
- more imperatives
- more questions (rhetorical)
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motherese : semantic characteristics
- more restricted vocabulary
- more concrete vocab
- paraphrasing
- diminutives (doggie)
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motherese : paralinguistics
- slowers speech
- higher pitch
- exaggerated intonation and stress
- fewer dysfluencies
- wait for baby's turn even though it isn't forthcoming
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motherese : why?
- capture / maintain attention
- maintain child's responsiveness at optimal level
- aid language development
- come down to child's level
- bonding
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reference
differentiate what you attend to
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joint reference
- share a focus on something; partners give signals indicating they are attending something
- eye contact, orientation, gestures
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behaviors of reference
- gaze
- facial expression
- head movement
- all that caregiver does is subject of cultural variations
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