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mode of mechanical ventilation that allows unrestricted, spontaneous breaths throughout the ventilatory cycle; on inspiration patient receives preset level on continous postitive airway pressure, and pressure is periodically released to aid expiration
airway pressure release ventilation (APRV)
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moed of mechanical ventilation in which the patient's breathing patterns may trigger the ventilator to deliver a preset tidal volume; in the absence of sppontaneous breathing, the machine delivers a controlled breath at a preset minimum rate and tidal volume
assist-control (A/C)
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use of chest tube and closed drainage systems to re-expand the lung and to remove excess air, fluid, and blood
chest drainage systems
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manually cupping over the chest wall to mobilize secretions by mechanically dislodging viscous or adherent secretions in the lungs
chest drainage system
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therapy used to remove bronchial secretions, improve ventilation, and increase the efficiency of the respiratory mscles; types include postural drainage, chest percussion, and vibration
chest physiotherapy (CPT)
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positive pressure applied throughout the respiratory cycle to a spontaneously breathing patient to promote alveolar and airway stability; may be administered with endotracheal or tracheostomy tube or by mask
continous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
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mode of mechanical ventilation in which the ventilator completely controls the patient's ventilation according to present tidal volumes and respiratory rate; because of problems with synchrony, it is rarely used wxept in paralyzed or anesthetized patients
controlled ventilation
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insertion of a breathing toube through the nose or mouth into the trachea
endotracheal intubation
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concentration of oxygen delivered (1.0 = 100% oxygen)
fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2)
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decrease in arterial oxygen tension in the blood
hypoxemia
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decrease in oxygen supply to the tissues and cells
hypoxia
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method of deep breathing that provides visual feedback to help the patient inhale deeply and slowly and achieve maxium lung inflation
incentive spirometry
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mode of mechanical ventilation that provides a combination of mechanically assisted breaths and spontaneous
intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV)
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a positive or negative pressure breathing device that supports ventilation and oxygenation
mechanical ventilator
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partial or complete collaps of the lung due to positive pressure in the pleural space
pneumothorax
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positive pressure maintained by the ventilator at the end of exhalation (instead of a normal zero pressure) to increase functional residual capacity and open collapsed alveoli; improves oxygenation with lower fraction of inspired oxygen
positive and expiratory pressure (PEEP)
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Postioning the patient to allow drainage from all the lobes of the lungs and airways
postural drainage
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mode of mechanical ventilation in which preset positive pressure is delivered with spontaneous breaths to decrease work of breathing
pressure support ventilation (PSV)
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mode of mechanical ventilation that provides partial ventilatory support in proportion to the patient's inspiratory efforts; decreases the work of breathing
proportional assist ventilation (PAV)
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process of gradual, systemic withdrawal or removal of ventilator, breathing tube, and oxygen
respiratory weaning
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mode of mechanical ventilation in which the ventilator allows the patient to breathe spontaneously while providing a preset number of breaths to ensure adequate ventilation; ventilated breaths are synchronized with spontaneous breathing
synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV)
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surgical opening into the chest cavity
thoracotomy
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indwelling tube inserted directly into the trachea to assist with ventilation
tracheostomy tube
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surgical opening into the trachea
tracheotomy
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a type of massage administered by quickly tapping the chest with the fingertips or alternating the fingers in a rhythmic manner, or by using a mechanical device to assist in mobilizing lung secretions
vibrations
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