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Three categories of rocks
- igneous
- sedimentary
- metamorphic
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solid substances with a definite chemical composition
mineral
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hardened in the earth's crust(cool slowly and have large crystals)
Intrusive
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hardened outside the earth's crust (cool quickly and have small crystals)
extrusive
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examples of igneous rock
granite, basalt, obsidian, and pumice
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form when wind and water break down other rock types
sedimentary rocks
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sandstone, limestone, shale, and conglomerate
examples of sedimetary rocks
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forms when large amounts of heat and pressure are applied to other rock types
Metamorphic rocks
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marble, slate, gneiss are examples of
metamorphic rock
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a stream of water that flows deep beneath the oceans surface
deep ocean current
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The ocean's density is affected by what?
It's tempature and amount of salt.
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The way the Earth's rotation affects wind and ocean current's
Coriolis affect
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affected by its temperture and amount of salt
oceans density
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a periodic change in oceanicand atmospheric conditions, causing unusually warm surface water
El Nino
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what can cause shifts in weather patterns around the world that include warmer winters heavy rains floods droughts and tornadoes.
El Nino
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solid substances with a definite chemical composition
minerals
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the movement of cold, deep, ocean water to the ocean's surface
upwelling
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rocks can serve as natural compasses.
a mineral called magnentite contains molecules that always points toward magnetic north.
magnetic reversals
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an undersea volcanic mountain found on the ocean floor
seamount
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the quality of having two opposite poles-one positive and one negative
polarity
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the process by which one lithospheric plate is forced under another
subduction
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a stream of water that flows deep beneath the ocean's surface
deep ocean current
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what mineral is known to orient itself toward magnetic north?
magnetite.
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