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What is an organic compound?
Contains Carbon and hydrogen
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What elements are contained in carbohydrates?
C, H, O in a 1:2:1
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What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
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What elements are in proteins?
C, H, O, N and sometimes S
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What is the smallest unit of a carbohydrate?
Monosaccharide
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Glucose is an example of a...
Monosaccharide
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By what process do two monosaccharides bind together?
Condensation reaction (water is removed)
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How do you split a disaccharide?
Hydrolysis (water splitting)
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Give 3 examples of polysaccharides
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What is the test for starch?
Iodine (goes blue black if starch is present)
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What is the test for simple sugars
Benedicts (goes orangey red)
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What is the test for Protein?
- Biuret test
- Potassium hydroxide and copper sulphate
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What are the tests for fats?
- Emulsion test
- Grease spot test
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What are the bases of DNA?
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What does DNA stand for?
deoxyribonucleic acid
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What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
base, phosphate and deoxyribose sugar
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How is sex determined?
- Chromosome pair 23
- XY = male
- XX = female
- Sex is inherited
- X chromosome is longer than Y
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What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis?
- Meiosis = only in ovaries and testes. Makes gametes (sex cells)
- Mitosis = used in all cells except ovaries/testes. Used in growth, replacement, repair
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What are the 4 kinds of base in DNA?
- Adenine
- Thymine
- Guanine
- Cytosine
- A-T
- G-C
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What does haploid mean?
Half the genetic information (HAploid = HAlf)
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What's a gene locus?
The position of a gene on a chromosome
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What is an enzyme?
A biological catalyst
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What are differences between biological and chemical catalysts?
- Biological = made from protein and can be denatured by high temperature or wrong pH
- Chemical = not made of protein, can't be denatured
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Where does a substrate bind on an enzyme?
Active site
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What is the independent variable?
The variable that you manipulate or change in an experiment. You must only have ONE of these.
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What is the dependent variable?
The one that you record or measure as you are doing the experiment.
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What are the controlled variables?
You should have many of these. These are the things that you are keeping the same so that it is a fair test.
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If you are making a genetic cross with ONE trait this is called....
monohybrid inheritance
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A capital letter in genetic crosses refers to...
dominant allele
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A lower case letter in genetic crosses refers to....
recessive allele
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In genetic crosses RR is...
homozygous dominant
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In genetic crosses rr is...
homozygous recessive
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In genetic crosses Rr is...
heterozygous
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