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abnormal accumilation of fluid in tissues or body cavities
edema
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whats an old antiquated term for edema
dropsy
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what is severe generalized edema in subcutaneous tissues called
anasarca
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abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal (abdominal) cavity
ascities
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what is abnormal accumulation of fluid in the thoracic cavity called
hydrothorax
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what is abnormal fluid collection in the pericardial cavity
hydropericardium
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hyperemia is what
excessive blood
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what is a reduction in arterial blood supply known as
ischemia
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what is a thrombosis
an attached blood clot
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what are some factors that might predispose someone to a thrombosis
- injuries to a blood vessel
- slow rate of blood flow
- viscosity
- alterations in blood composition
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what is the difference between a thrombosis and a embolism
- thrombosis: attached
- embolism: free-floating
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what condition can result from an embolism
gangrene
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the term most closely associated with ischemia is
infarction
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ischemic necrosis + putrefaction =
gangrene
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what is ischemic necrosis of an organ or tissue caused by a sudden arterial occlusion
infarction
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hemorrhage is defied as a escape of ____ from the vascular system
blood
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list the different types of embolisms
fragments of thrombi, tumor cells, animal parasites, fat, air or gas (caisson), forgein bodies
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what are the common causes of hemorrhage?
trauma, disease of blood vessels, hypertension, diseases of the blood, vascular diseases
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list the consequences of an embolism
ischemia, infarction or gangrene, spread of infection, spread of tumors, necrosis
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what is fine pin-point punctate hemorrhages in the skin or eye of the sclera?
petechial
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what is a small nonelevated subcutatneous hemorraghic patch extravastion under the skin?
ecchymoses
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whats another name for ecchymoses?
bruise
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what is localized collection of blood in the subcutaneous tissues; blood filled swelling?
hematoma
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epistaxis is
a nose bleed
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what is hemoptysis
coughing up blood; blood in the sputum
-
what is hematemesis
vomiting of blood
-
what is melena
blood in the stool
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what is hematuria
blood in the urine
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what is circulatory shock
generalized state of collapse
-
what are some condtions after death that result from a hemorrhage?
dehydration or emactiation
-
what is a abnormal mass of tissue (tumor) the growth of which is autonomous & exceeds that of normal tissue & persists after cessation of stimuli that created the change
neoplasm
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growth by expansion, don't metastize, generally doesnt return after surgical removal, doesnt cause extensive tissue damage, doesnt cause whole body changes, resembles tissue of orgin and is not generall fatal are all characteristics of what
benign neoplasm
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grow by infiltration, it metastizes creating secondary foci, can reoccur after surgical removal, causes extensive tissue damage, causes total body changes, tumor doesnt resemble tissue surrounding it and it can be lethal unless treated are all characteristics of what
malignant neoplasm
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what are benign neoplasms of epithelial tissues?
Adenoma, Papilloma, Nevus & Polyp
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what are benign neoplasms of connective tissues
Osteoma, Chondroma, Lipoma, Angioma & Fibroma
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what is a benign tumor of smooth muscle tissue
Leiomyoma
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what is a benign tumor of striated muscle tissue
Rhabdomyoma
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what is a benign tumor of nervous tissue?
neuroma
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what are malignant neoplasms of elpithelital tissues
Melenoma, Squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma & basal cell carcinoma
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what are some malignant neoplasms of connective tissues
Osteosarcoma, Chondrosarcoma, Liposarcoma, Angiosarcoma, Lymphoma & Fibrosarcoma
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what is the malignant tumor of striated muscle tissue
rhabdomyosarcoma
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what is the malignant tumor of smooth muscle tissue called?
leiomyosarcoma
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what is the malignant tumor of nervous tissue called
Glioma
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what the exceptions for the "oma" rule, meaning malignant instead of benign?
Melenoma, Glioma & Lymphoma
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what are some conditions after death associated with malignant neoplasms
emaciation, discoloration, hemorrhage, tissue deformation & extravascular obstruction
-
what is a severe form of malnutrition called
cachexia
-
what is a closed sac or pouch with definite wall that contains fluid, semifluid or solid material?
cyst
-
where are cysts generally found (2 spots)
ovarian & sebaceous
-
what is a congenital skin lesion; mole
nevus
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what is an enlargement of an organ or part due to increase in size of cells composing it
hypertrophy
-
what is an underdevelopment of tissue organ or body?
hypoplasia
-
what is an increased size of an organ or part due to excessive or regulated increase in # of cells
hyperplasia
-
what is the replacement of one type of tissue into a form that is not normally found there?
metaplasia
-
leukocytosis is
increase in WBC
-
what is a deceased amount of white blood cells called
leukopenia
-
abnormal reduction of RBC's is called
anemia
-
what is the difference between primary anemia & secondary anemia?
- primary: basic disease process
- secondary: RBC being destroyed
-
diseased characterized by a high # of immature abnormal WBC
leukemia
-
leukemia is also known as cancer of the
blood
-
tumor composed of blood & lymph vessels is
angioma/angiosarcoma
-
an increase in total RBC mass is called
polycythemia vera
-
whats another name for polycythemia vera
erythrocytosis
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what is destruction of platelets resulting in skin bruising?
purpura
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what is a hereditary deficiency of factor VIII; single clotting factor disorder
hemophilia
-
what is a deficiency of platlets in blood?
thrombocytopenia
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