Gluteal region and Thigh

formed by 2 hip bones, joined in front at the pubic symphysis and separate behind by the upper part of the sacrum at the sacroiliac joint.

Pelvic girdle and the sacrum

Deep cup-shaped fossa on the lateral surface of the hip, articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint

A large triangular gap below and in front of the acetabulum, closed by the obturator membrane

Space that is anterosuperiorly in the obturator membrane where the obturator vessels and nerve leave the pelvis and enter the thigh

ilium, ischium, pubis that is fused in the adult

fan-shaped, consists of a body and wing (ala)

forms the upper part of the acetabulum

• forms the upper, expanded part of the hip bone
• upper border contains the iliac crest

• upper border of wing,
• ends ANT in the rounded ASIS and POST in the sharp PSIS

• faces backwards and LAT and is marked by the POST, ANT, and INF gluteal lines.
• Where gluteal muscles arise

occupies the ANT and upper part of the medial surface and is smooth and concave

lies below and behind the iliac fossa on the medial surface. Includes the auricular surface and iliac tuberosity

articulates with the sacrum at the SI joint

above and behind the auricular surface, for attachment of the interosseous sacroiliac ligament

forms the lower POST part of the hip bone and consists of a body and a ramus

lower and POST part of acetabulum

• Sharp triangular projection from the posterior border of the ischium.
• Attachment for the Sacropsinous ligament

• lower part of the dorsal surface of ischium
• gibes origin to hamstrings and attachment to the sacrotuberous ligament

Concavity between the ischial spine and ischial tuberosity.

larger concavity above the ischial spine

The sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments

Ramus extends upwards and medially and fuses with the INF ramus of the pubis below the obturator foramen

forms the ANT part of the hip bone and consists of a body and 2 rami, superior and inferior

wide compressed part of the bone just medial to the rami.

Formed by the symphysial/ medial surface of the pubis joins the body of the pubis of the other side

Thickened ANT border of pubis, ends laterally at the pubic tubercle

extends from the body of the pubis upward, backward and LAT to form the ANT part of the acetabulum.

Anterior border of the superior ramus, sharp edge that begins at the pubic tubercle and continues to the iliopubic (iliopectineal) eminence

passes backward, downward, and LAT to unite with the ramus of the ischium and form the ischiopubic ramus

• longest and strongest bone (depending on the time of day)
• consists of a shaft, an upper end and lower end

head, neck, and greater and lesser trochanters

forms about 2/3 of a sphere and faces upward, MED and slightly forward

small roughened pit below and behin the center of the head for the attachment of the ligament of the head

connects head and shaft at about 125 degress with the shaft

Marks anteriorly the junction of the neck with the shaft

Posterior at the junction of the neck and shaft of femur, rounded ridge

projects above the junction of the neck with the shaft

• Roughened depression on the medial surface of the greater trochanter.
• For the insertion of the obturator externus

• conical shape that projects MED from the posteromedial part of the junction of the neck with the shaft.
• For insertion of iliopsoas

• Roughened raised line on the POST border of the femur.
• has MED and lateral lips that diverge in the upper and lower 1/3s of the shaft

continuous with the LAT lip of linea aspera for the insertion of the deeper fibers of the lower portion of GLUT MAX

in the lower 1/3 of shaft. Medial and lateral. COntinuous above with the corresponding lips of the linea aspera.

Medial and lateral at the lower end of the femur. Separated below and behind by a deep gap called the intercondylar fossa

condyles are partially covered by these broad horseshoe-shaped. For articulation with the patella above and the tibia below

concave transersely and convex vertically and extends over the anterior surfaces of both condyles by projects high on the lateral than on the medial side

convex from side to side and from front to back.

most prominent points on the sides of the condyles. The collateral ligaments of the knee jiont are attached.

• small projection from the upper part of the medial condyle.
• for insertion of the tendon of the ADD magnus

trianglus sesamoid bone that is embedded in the tendon of the insertion of the quadriceps. Quad tendon attaches to its upper border (base) and sides.

attaches to the lower border (apex of patella) to the tibial tuberosity.

deep fascia of the thigh. Extensions from fascia lata to the linea aspera form the intermuscular septum

divides the muscles of the thigh into ANT, MED and POST compartments

Formed by fascia lata. Extends from the iliac crest to the LAT condyle of the tibia. TFL an GLUT MAX insert here.

femoral nerve and femoral artery

ilopsoas, sartorius, and quadriceps

• obturator nerve
• obturator and femoral arteries

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus

• tibial portion of the sciatic nerve
• profunda femoris artery (branch of femoral)

• continuation of the EXT iliac artery below the inguinal ligament, MED side of the thigh.
• upper 1/3 - superficially in the femoral triangle
• middle 1/3 - in the adductor canal deep to sartorius
• lower 1/3 - through opening in the adductor magnus

once it leaves the opening to the adductor magnus

• arises in the femoral triangle
• largest branch of the femoral artery
• descends on the MED side of femur, on the ADD brevis and ADD magnus

supply the hamstring muscles

supplies the ANT muscles of the thigh

supplies the ADD muscles and the most of the blood to the hip joint

at the end of the femoral artery. Anastomoses at the MED side of the knee with genicular branches of the popliteal artery

branch of the INT iliac artery in the pelvis. Enters through the obturator canal

supply the ADD muscles near the obturator membrane and hip joint

• POST divisions of ventral rami of L2-4
• Through the psoas major, passes between it and the iliacus then behind the inguinal ligament.

iliacus, sartorius, quadriceps femoris, pectineus

skin on the front and MED side of thigh

• branch of femoral
• cutaneous just above the knee
• supplies the skin of the MED side of the leg and foot

• ANT division nerves L2-4
• Through obturator canal entering the thigh.
• Divides into ANT and POST branch that are separated by the ADD brevis

supplies small area of skin on MED side of thigh and

gracilis, ADD longus, ADD brevis, sometimes pectineus

ADD magnus nad oturator externus

• ANT division - ventral rami of L4-5, S1-3 --> Form the tibial nerve
• POST division - ventral rami of L4-5, S1-2 --> Form the common fibular nerve

leaves pelvis, enters the gluteal region passing through the greater sciatic formen, below piriformis. Deep to gluteus maximus, betwee the greater trochanter and ischial tuberosity. Lies on ADD magnus and is crossed POST by long hea of biceps femoris. Lower 1/3 it divides into tibial and fibular nerve

LH of biceps femoris, semitendinosis, semimembranus, and ischiocondylar portion of ADD magnus

short head of biceps femoris