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describe the fxn of the lympathic system:
- fluid recovery: returns residual fluid not reabsorbed by capillaries, ~ 3L/day
- immunity: detect anything harmful, and activate a protective immune response
- lipid absorption
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describe the componets of the lymphatic system (and relate them to the cardiovascular system):
- lymph: the recovered fluid
- lymphatic vessels: transport lymph
- lymphatic tissue: lymphocytes, macrophages that populate many organs of the body
- lymphatic organs: concentrated lymphatic tissue, set off from surrounding organs by connective tissue capsules
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describe the formation and composition of lymph:
- formation: tissue fluid that has been taken up by the lymphatic vessels
- composition: recovered fluid, colorless, clear, if significant fat - then milky, has many lymphocytes
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describe the lymphatic capillaries:
- penetrate nearly every tissue of the body, except the CNS, cartilage, cornea, bone, and bone marrow
- close to blood capillires - except closed at one end
- endothelial cells loosely overlap each other (roof shingles)
- large molecules, can enter
- passageways open + close depending on pressure inside and outside of vessels
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describe flow and mechanism of flow of the lymphatic vessels:
- similar to veins, but thinner walls and more valves,
- flow: flows at lower pressure and speed than venous return
- mechanism of flow: rhythmic ocntractions of lymphatic vessels
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discribe the path of lymph flow from tissues to the bloodstream:
- lymphathic capillaries
- collecting vessels
- lymphatic trunk
- collecting ducts
- subclavian vein
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describe the pathway of the right lymphatic duct pathway:
- it receives lymphatic drainage from the right arm, right side of the thorax, and the head
- then empties into the right subclavian vein
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describe the pathway of the thoracic duct:
- the duct drains all of the body below the diaphragm, and the left upper limb and left side of the head, neck and thorax
- then empties into the left subclavian vein
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describe the function and location of natural killer (NK) cells:
fxn: attack and destory bacteria, transplanted tissues, or host cells turned cancerous
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describe the fnx and location of T lymphocytes (T Cells):
- fxn: cellular immunity
- location: mature in thymus, depen on thymic hormones
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describe the fxn and location of B lymphocytes (B cells):
- fxn: humeral immunity
- location: mature in bone marrow
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describe the fxn and location of macrophages:
- phagocytize foreign matter/debris
- presenting antigens
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list the two primary organs of lymphatics:
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describe the fxn and locatio of red bone marrow as a lymphatic organ:
- B cell lymphocytes maturation
- produces all formed elements - squeeze thru endothelia cells into circulation
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describe the fxn and location of the thymus as a lymphatic organ:
- T cell lymphoctye maturation
- necessary for T cell development
- very large in children
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list the secondary organs of the lymphatics:
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describe the fxn and location of the lymph nodes:
- only organ to filter lymph
- ~450 in young adults
- lymph cleaned - 99% of impurities removed
- site of T and B cell activation (initation site of immune response)
- only lymph organ w/ afferant/efferant vessles
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describe the fxn and location of the spleen:
- largest lymph organ
- marcorphages digest old RBCs and phagocytize foreign matter
- location: left hypochondriac region
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describe the fxn and location of the tonsils:
- location: entrance of the pharynx
- fxn: marchophages diegest old RBCs
- gaurds agains ingested foreign matter
- largest most infected organ
- tonsillitis - inflammation fo the plaentine
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describe the lymphatic system used in the medical world:
lymph nodes: become swollen when challenged, physisians palpate cervical, axiallary, inguinal
cancer: metastasis (cancer cells) in lymphatics, lymphoma in lodge in lymph nodes - can be removed...but migrates to other nodes
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