Mkt Test 5

communicating information between the seller and the potential buyer or others in the chanel to influence attitudes and behavior

direct spoken communication between sellers and potential customers.

communicating with large numbers of potential customers at the same time.

any paid form of non-personal presentation of ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor.

any UNPAID form of nonpersonal presentation of ideas, goods or services.

promotion activities - other than advertising, publicity and personal selling - that stimulate interest, trial or purchase by final customers or others in the channel.

concerned with managing personal selling.

manage their company's mass-selling effort - in tv, magazine, newspaper and other media.

communication with noncustomers, including labor, public interest groups, stockholders and the gov.

manage their company's sales promotion effort.

the intentinal coordination of every communication from a firm to a target customer to convey a consistent and complete message.

informing, persuading and reminding

• to get Attention
• to hold Interest
• to arouse Desire
• to obtain an Action

a source trying to reach a receiver with a message.

sender of the message

the sender sends the message to the receiver. usually a potential customer

any distraction that reduces the effectiveness of the communication process.

the source deciding what it wants to say and translating it into words or symbols that will have the same meaning ot the receiver.

the receiver translating the message.

the carrier of the message.

using normal promotion effort - personal selling, advertising and sales promotion - tohelp sell the whole marketing mix to possible channel members.

getting customers to ask intermediaries for the product.

shows when different groups accept ideas.

the first to adopt. they are eager to try a new idea and willing to take risks. young and well educated.

well respected by their peers and often are opinion leaders. they tend to be younger, more movile and more creative than later adopters.

avoid risk and wait to consider a new idea after mnay early adopters have tried it and liked it.

are cautious about new ideas. opften are older and more set in their ways, so they are less likely to follow the early adopters.

prefer to do things the way they've been done in the past and are very suspicious of new ideas. they tend to be older and less well educated.

demand for the general product idea, not just for the company's own brand.

demand for a company's own brand. the main job is to persuade customers to buy and keep buying the company's product. `

• tries to sell a product.
• Three parts: pioneering, compatitive and reminder.

promotes and organization's image, reputation or ideas rather than a specific product.

tries to develop primary demand for a product category rather than a demand for a specific brand.

tries to develop selective demand for a specific brand.

aims for immediate buying actions.

points out advantages to affect future buying decisions.

makng specific brand comparisons, using actual product names.

tries to keep the product's name before the public.

price reductions to firms further along in the channel to encourage them to advertise or otherwise promote the firm's products locally.

involves producers sharing in the cost of ads with wholesalers or retailers.

what the words and illustrations should communicate.

• specialists in planning and handling mass-selling details for advertisers.
• independent of the advertiser and have an outside viewpoint.

ads to correct deceptive advertising.

• what a customer must give up to get the benefits offered by the rest of a firm's marketing mix, so it plays a direct role in shaping customer value.
• the amount of money that is charged for something of value.

sets a specific level of profit as an objective. Often this amount is stated as a percentage of sales or of capital investment.

seeks to get as much profit as possible. Doesnt always lead to high prices.

• seeks some level of unit sales, dollar sales or share of market - without referring ot profit.
• focused on sales growth.

• don't-rock-the-pricing-boat objectives.
• They want to stabilize prices, or meet competition or even avoid competition.

• aggressive action on one or more of the Ps other than price.
• focus on increasing sales with strategies that involve other things than price.

• consciously set prics.
• instead of letting daily market forces decide their prices, most firms set their own prices.

• offering the same price to all customers who purchase products under essentially the same conditions and in the same quantities.
• non negotiable.

• offering the same product and quantities to different customers at different prices.
• negotiable prices.

tries to sell the top of a market - the top of the demand curve - at a high price before aiming at more price sensitive customers.

• - demand is likely to be inelastic during intro.
• - the market can be broekn into distinctive price segments
• - safer strategy when elasticity of demand is uknown.
• - if cash is needed to find expansion.
• - there is a realistic perceived value in the product or service.

tries to sell the whole market at one low price.

competing with similar/same prices as competitors

temporary price cuts - to speed products into a market and get customers to try them.

the prices final customers or users are normally asked to pay for products.

reductions from list price given by a seller to buyers who either give up some marketing function or provide the function themselves.

discounts offered to encourage customers to buy in larger amounts.

apply to purchases over a given period, such as a year, and the discount usually increases as the amount purchased increases.

apply only to individual orders.

discounts offered to encourage buyers to buy earlier than present demand requires.

meand that payment for the face value of the invoice is due immediately

reductions in price to encourage buyers to pay their bills quicly.

meand the buyer can take a 2% discount off the face value of the invoice if the invoice is paid within 10 days, otherwise the full face value is due within 30 days.

is a list price reduction given to channel members for the job they are going to do.

a remporary discount from the list price.

setting a low list price rather thanrelying on requent sales, discoutns or allowances.

like discounts, are gien to final customers, consumers or channel members for doing something or accepting less of something.

price reductions given to firms in the channel to encourage them to advertise or otherwise promote the supplier's products locally.

sometimes called slotting allowances, are given to an intermediary to get shelf space for a product.

sometimes called PMs or spiffs - are given to retailers by manufacturers or wholesalers to pass on to the retailers' salesclerks for aggressively selling certain items.

a price reduction given forr used products when similar new products are bought.

refunds paid to consumers after a purchase.

• free on board some vehicle at some place.
• the seller pays the cost of loading the products onto some behicle, then title to the products passes to the buyer.

making an average freight charge to all buyers within specific geographic areas.

making an average freight charge to all buyers.

absorbing freight cost so that a firm's delivered price meets that of the nearest competitor.

setting a fair price level for a marketing mix that really gives the target market superior customer value.

put a lower limit on prices, especially at the wholesale and retail levels.

pricing a product sold in a foreign market bellow the cost of producing it or at a price lower than in its domestic markets.

prices customers are shown to suggest that the price has been discounted from list.

`bans "unfair or deceptive acts in commerce."

• competitors getting together to raise, lower or stabilize prices.
• illegal in the united states!

makes illegal any price discrimination

selling the same products to different buyers at different prices, if it injures competition.