Sounds are classified by similarities and differences
Descriptive Features
Describes source of sound in the vocal tract
Sound Classes
Vowels vs. Consonants (PLACE MANNER VOICING)
Shape of the vocal tract
Position of articulators - point of which the upper and lower articulators touch or approach each other most closely
Contrast
One sound difference changes meaning "Cat" - "tat"
Phonotactics
Some sequences/combinations of sounds is not possible or cannot go together "Ml" "CG"
Relationships among phonetic properties
Patterns of children's attempt to use adult speech
Suprasegmentals
Pitch, loudness, timing = correct production of stress
Intonation
Patterns of pitch changes that accompany a phrase or a sentence
Pre-linguistic period
Period of progression into the production of complex babbling with indetifyable syllables and adult-like intonation patterns
Reflexive vocalizations
Natural sounds: Automatic response reflecting physical state of infant
Non-Reflexive vocalizations
Voluntary speech attempts
Production of comfort state vocalizations. Laughing and chuckling. (2-14 months)
C. Cooing and Laughter
Testing sounds what they can or cannot do. Start raspberries (4-6 months)
A. Vocal play
Appearances of sequences of consonant - vowel syllables w/ adult-like speed (6 months and up)
D. Canonical babbling
Strings of sounds and syllables uttered with a rich variety of stress and intonation patterns. Child combines babbling, gesturing, eye contact, as if saying something (10 mos and up)
B. Jargon
Children starts vocal play w/ the back of the mouth. [back velur consonants and vowels]
A. 1-6 months
B. 6-12 months
A. 1-6 months
Develops consonantal sounds which is closely indetical to first adult-based words
A. 1-6 months
B. 6-12 months
B. 6-12 months
Protoword
Consistently used made up words acroos object or environment
Cluster reduction
Child says a word and ommits the part of the cluster (trip = tip)
Writing rules and expressing constraints
Child phonology rules become useful when we are trying to understand a child's speech pattern
Accuracy of perception
Correct sound perception leads to correct sound pronunciation
Suprasegmentals-segmental interactions
Their interaction with stress and intonation. Children pronounces the stressed part of the word more consistently. (baNAna = "NA")
Assimilation
A change in one sound to make it more like another. (gig = pig/dig)
Canonical forms
Children uses variegated or reduplicated babbling. Beginning speakers learn word sequences (Consonant-Vowel-Consonant)
Strategies in learning to pronounce
Some children attempt one word at a time, pronouncing the words that can be pronounced and avoiding other words until learned to pronounce
Changes over time
Pronunciation develops. From simple production of phonemes to complex production of phonemes.
Most phonological system is in place at age
age three
Morphophonology
concerns the kind of variation when comparing the pronunciation of the nat- Nation, Nativity, Native
Morphemes
smallest unit of word that has meaning
Allomorphs
inflectionl endings have the same shape regardless of the words it is attached to (dogs-dogz)
Author
jadnebalasca
ID
134979
Card Set
Language Development Chapter 3
Description
Language Development Chapter 3 Phonological Development