Chapter 6

joint

bursa

carpals (wrists)

cartilage

clavicle (collar bone)

coccyx (tailbone)

rib

skull

femur (thigh bone)

fibula (thinner lower leg bone)

humerus (upper arm bone)

ilium (part of pelvis)

ischium (part of pelvis)

mandible (lower jaw)

maxilla (upper jaw)

metacarpus (hand bones)

metatarsus (foot bones)

muscle

muscle

bone marrow

bone

patella (knee cap)

phalanges (fingers and toes)

pubis (part of pelvis)

radius (part of forearm)

sacrum

scapula (shoulder blade)

vertebra

sternum (breast bone)

tarsals (ankles)

tendon

tendon

tibia (shin, larger lower leg bone)

ulna (part of forearm)

vertebra

skin

fibrous

hump

bent backward

straight

disease

crooked, bent

joins muscle to muscle

attaches muscles to bones

• pain
• -suffix used to indictate disease or abnormal condition

• pertaining to
• -suffix used to convert word roots into adjective

• pertaining to
• -suffix used to convert word roots into adjective

• pertaining to
• -suffix used to convert word root into adjective

• weakness
• -suffix used to indictate disease or abnormal condition

• punture to withdraw fluid
• -suffix indictating diagnostic procedures

• surgical breaking
• -suffix indictating surgical procedures

• cell
• -general suffix

• surgical fixation
• -suffix indictating surgical procedure

• pain
• -suffix indictating disease or abnormal condition

• pertaining to
• -suffix used to convert word root into adjective

• surgical removal
• -suffix indictating surgical procedure

• producing
• -general suffix

• record
• -suffix indictating diagnostic procedure

• record
• -suffix indictating diagnostic procedure

• pertaining to
• -suffix used to convert word root into adjective

• inflammation
• -suffix indictating disease or abnormal condition

• movement
• -general suffix

• softening
• -suffix indictating disease or abnormal condition

• process of measuring
• -suffix indictating diagnostic procedure

• tumor
• -suffix indictating disease or abnormal condition

• abnormal condition
• -suffix indictating disease or abnormal condition

• cutting into
• -suffix indictating surgical procedure

• pertaining to
• -suffix used to convert word root into adjective

• disease
• -suffix indictating disease or abnormal condition

• surgical repair
• -suffix indictating surgical procedure

• porous
• -general suffix

• suture
• -suffix indictating surgical procedure

• rupture
• -suffix indictating disease or abnormal condition

instrument for viewing

process of visually examining

development

without

slow

difficult

between

within

excessive

through

under

above

• skeletal muscle: moves the skeleton
• smooth muscle: produces movement of internal organs
• cardiac muscle: produces heartbeat

• red bone marrow
• (red bone marrow is found inside bones, produces red blood cells)

Surgical procedure that uses a piece of bone to replace lost bone or to fuse two bones together

nuclear medicine scan using radioactive dye to visualize bones; especially useful for finding stress fractures and bone cancer

• CTS
• repetitive motion disorder caused by pressure on tendons and nerves as they pass through carpal tunnel of wrist.

broken bone with no open skin wound; also called simple fracture.

bone break where bone shatters into many small fragments

broken bone with open skin wound; also called open fracture

bone break causing loss of height of vertebral body; may result from trauma, but in older persons, especially women, may occur in a bone weakened by osteoporosis

abnormal shortening of muscle fibers, tendons, or connective tissue making it difficult to stretch muscle

• (CK)
• muscle enzyme found in skeletal and cardiac muscle; elevated blood levels associated with heart attack, muscular dystropy, and other skeletal muscle pathologies

• (DTR)
• involuntary muscle contraction in response to striking muscle tendon with reflex hammer; test used to determine whether muscles respond properly

occurs when bones in joint are displaced from normal alignment and ends of bones are no longer in contact with each other

• (DXA)... -metry = process of measuring
• test using low-dose x-ray beams to measure bone density; used to diagnose osteoporosis

chronic condition with widespread aching and pain in the muscles and fibrous soft tissue

procedure to stabilize fractured bone while it heals; external fixation includes casts, splints, and pins inserted through skin; internal fixation includes pins, plates, rods, screws, and wires that are put into place during surgical procedure called open reduction

• (FX, Fx)
• broken bone

fracture with incomplete break; one side of the bone breaks and the other side only bends; commonly seen in children because their bones are still pliable

• (HNP)
• protrusion of intervertebral disk between two vertebrae, which puts pressure on spinal nerves; aslo called herniated disk or ruptured disk; may require surgery

fracture in which one bone fragment is pushed into another

abnormal increase in normal outward curvature of thoracis spine; also called hunchback or humpback

abnormal increase in normal forward curvature of lumbar spine; also called swayback

loss of muscle bulk due to muscle disease, nervous system disease, or lack of use; commonly called muscle wasting

(MD) one of a group of inherited diseases involving progressive muscle degeneration, weakness, and atrophy

(NSAIDs) large group of drugs that provide mild pain relief and anti-inflammatory benefits for conditions such as arthritis

bone break in which fracture line runs along an angle to shaft of the bone

externally applied brace or splint used to prevent or correct deformities; orthotist is person skilled in making and adjusting orthoses

(OA) arthritis caused by loss of cartilage cushion covering bones in joint; most common in bearing weight joints; results in bone rubbing against bone

most common type of bone cancer; usually begins in osteocytes found at ends of bones; most frequently occurs occurs in persons 10 - 25 years old

broken bone caused by diseased or weakened bone, not trauma

use of a thin catheter tube inserted into intervertebral disk through skin to suck out pieces of herniated or ruptured disk; or laser is used to vaporize disk

any artificial device used as substitute for body part that is either missing from birth or lost as the result of an accident or disease; example: artificial leg; prosthetist is person trained in making prostheses

diagnostic imaging procedure using x-rays to see internal structure of body; especially useful for visualizing bones and joints

correcting fracture or dislocation by realigning bone; closed reduction moves bones esternally; open reduction manipulates bones through a surgical incision; open reduction usually performed before interal fixation of bony fragments

group of chronic disorders with tendon, muscle, joint, and nerve damage caused by prolonged periods of pressure, vibration, or repetitive movements

(RA) arthritis with swelling, stiffness, pain, and degeneration of cartilage in joints caused by chronic soft tissue inflammation; may result in crippling deformities; an autoimmune disease

abnormal lateral curvature of spine

sudden, involuntary, strong muscle contraction

birth defect that occurs when vertebra fails to fully form around spinal cord, ranges from mild to severe; if spinal cord is damaged, paralysis results

bone break in which fracture line spirals around shaft of the bone; caused by twisting injury; often slower to heal than other types of fractures

ligament injury from overstretching, but without joint dislocation or bone fracture

damage to the muscle or tendons from overuse or overstretching

a slight bone break caused by repetitive low-impact forces, such as running rather than single forceful impact

(THA) surgical reconstruction of hip with artificial hip joint; also called total hip replacement (THR)

surgical reconstruction of knee joint with artificial knee joint; also called total knee replacement

bone break with fracture line straight across shaft of bone