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- "Soy extraction plant"
- Organic solvent is used to extract the residual oil from the oilseed cake produced by the expelling/extrusion operation
- Solvent extraction requires a major investment in terms of capital equipment, including solvent recovery systems
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- "Lab soxhlet"
- Organic solvent is used to extract the residual oil from the oilseed cake produced by the expelling/extrusion operation
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- "Canola oil destined for montreal"
- There are relatively few crushing/solvent extraction plants in Canada, most in the prairies, where most of the oilseed production takes place
- Canbra Plant (in Alberta) receives 5800 truckloads of canola per year, which corresponds to about 23 loads per day
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- "Soybeans"
- Need to be heated, crushed, and then put through expelling and put through solvent extraction
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- "Press cake"
- The residual "press cake" is desolventized and is usually sold as animal feed (bulk)
- Some may be further processed to obtain soybean protein for human consumption (relatively minor amounts)
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- "Extracted oil is usually a dark brown, smelly liquid with a substantial amount of particulate material in it"
- Much of the material suspended in the oil is colloidal debris, mainly comprised of dispersed protein and carbohydrate
- Dark color is due to lipid-soluble materials such as carotenoids and chlorophyll and pheophytin
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- "Degumming process"
- Live steam is injected into the oil
- This hydrates the colloids and phospholipids, which in conjunction with centrifugation separate the hydrated colloids and water formed to make it a continuous process
- If the oil contains significant levels of phospholipids, these are recovered
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"Bleaching is also serves as a secondary filtration process to remove any residual colloidal material or hydrogenation catalyst (if hydrogenated) from oils to produce a clear pale yellow oil"
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"Overall extraction process"
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- "Deodorizer"
- The last group of contaminants left are any odoriferous compounds which may still be present which may give the oil off flavors not acceptable to industrial users or consumers
- These are removed by steam stripping - spraying oil into evacuated chamber with superheated steam flowing counter-current to oil droplets
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- "Large scale fractional crystallization is a common means of separating out more saturated constituents from more unsaturated oils"
- Commonly carried out with palm oil to produce palm stearin or palm fat
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"Fractional crystallization is also a means of obtaining harder fractions which can be blended with softer fractions to obtain plastic fats without resorting to hydrogenation"
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- "Hydrogenation example - Stearic Acid"
- Addition of hydrogenation across the double bond of unsaturated fatty acids in triglycerides
- Apply hydrogen at high temperatures/pressures in conjunction with a catalyst (usually nickel)
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- "This is the basic interesterification reaction"
- This is randomizing the fatty acid distribution by interesterification
- Exchange of fatty acids on the glycerol backbone, using heat and a catalyst such as tin, lead, zinc, or alkali earth metals
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- "Interesterification of 3 pure triglycerides"
- Reaction occurs within a triglyceride and also occurs between triglycerides
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