CVD MNT- Part 2

  1. What is the Anat/Phys of the Cardiovascular System?
    • Regulated blood flow to the tissues to deliver Oxygen & Nutrients
    • Retrieves waste products
    • Thermogregulation
    • Gas Exchange
    • Closed loop of blood vessels for which the heart acts as two pumps
  2. What are the three layers of the heart?
    • Epicardium
    • Endocardium
    • Myocardium
  3. What do the left/right sides of your heart do?
    • Left: Pumps blood with its oxygen load throughout the body
    • Right: Pumps blood through the LUNGS pulmonary circulation to pick up oxygen
  4. What is Hypertension?
    • Chronic elevation of BO
    • >140/90 mmHg
    • Increases risk of CHF, kidney failure, MI, stroke, aneurysms, vision probs
  5. What is an Aneurysm?
    Weak area that bulges out/abnormality
  6. What is the difference between systolic and dylostolic?
    • Systolic: Heart Contraction
    • Diastolic: Heart Relaxation
  7. What is the etiology of Hypertension?
    • Idiopathic (90%)
    • Secondary- Result of another chronic condition (renal, alcoholic, overweight)
    • Lifestyle Factors
    • Na,C,Mg,K intake
    • Hyperinsulinemia- To much insulin, apple shaped, metabolic syndrome
    • Inflammatory response
  8. What does it mean it there is an increase in C-reactive PRO?
    Inflammation somewhere in the body & an increased risk of hypertension
  9. What is the pathophysiology of Hypertension?
    • Excessive secretion of vasopression % angiotensin II
    • Smoking (Decreases nitrious oxide- so blood vessels are restricted)
    • Renal Disease (increase Na retention and renin)
  10. What are some diagnosis statements for PES?
    • excessive energy intake
    • Inadequate Ca, fiber, K, Mg
    • Overweight or Obesity
    • Lack of food related knowledge
  11. What are some meds. for Hypertension?
    • Loop Diuretics:Inhibit Na abs, K reabs, increase prostoglandins,
    • Thiazides: Inhibit reabs of Na, K, and Cl, as on distal tube
    • ACE Inhibitors: Block enzymes that changes from angiotensin I to II causing dilated blood vessels
    • Beta Blockers: Lower BP
    • Ca blocking agents
  12. What is the DASH prescription per food group?
    • Grains 6-8oz
    • Veg 2-2.5 C.
    • Fruits 2-2.5 C.
    • Skim Milk 2-3 C.
    • Lean Meats 6oz or <
    • Nuts/Seeds, legumes 4-5oz/week
    • *fiber for wt. control
  13. What is the nutrition prescription for hypertension?
    • Weight reduction
    • Assess dietary intake
    • Meet DASH dietary goals
    • tailor exercise goals
  14. Explain the process of CHD.
    • Injury to the lining of the artery (smoking, homocystine, inflammation)
    • Blood tried to repair damage
    • Monocytes burrow in the blood-vessel walls where they mature into macrophages
    • Macrophages consume oxidized fatty substances and die causing a buildup of tough fibrous scar tissue that can inhibit blood flow and promote clot formation
  15. What can high levels of homocystine do? How can it be kept low?
    • It can contribute to the initial damage of the artery.
    • AI:Folacin, B6, B12
  16. What is the diet impact on CHD?
    • Homocysteine
    • A high fat diet can contribute to increase amounts of LDL available to be oxidized.
    • Lack of fruits/veg less anti-oxidants
  17. What are the idea blood lipids?
    • TC: <200
    • LDL: <100 DM <70
    • TG: <150
    • HDL: <60
  18. What is atherosclerosis/arteriosclerosis?
    • Antherosclerosis: Thickening of blood vessel walls caused by presence of plaque
    • Arteriosclerosis: Includes loss of vascular elasticity
Author
kkincaid
ID
134559
Card Set
CVD MNT- Part 2
Description
Cardiovascular Disease Medical Nutrition Therapy
Updated