microbiology

structural molecule of bacteria cell walls

prokaryotic cell reproduction by division into two daughter cells

a eukaryotic cell replication where chromosomes are duplicated; follwed by division of the cytoplasm if the cell

dna inside a membrane-enclosed nucleus; organisms that can interbreed

general material not in nuclear envelope; share certain rRNA sequences

the idea that life could arise spontaneously from non-living matter

principle that microorganisms cause disease

theory that living cells arise only from pre-exsisting cells

eukaryotic absorbtive chemoheterotroph

a polysacharide found in gram POSITIVE cell walls

part of the atom consisting of the protons and neutrons; part of eukaryotic cell that contains genetic material

area in eukaryotic nucleus where rRNA is synthesized

organelle that performs photosynthesis in photoautotrophic eukaryotics

energy production in a cell

organelle containing digestive enzymes

Sorting center for proteins in cell; Produces vesicles which fuse with plasma membrane

site of protien synthesis

Site of protein synthesis in cells; Start of protein export process; Connected to nuclear pores and Golgi body

phospholipid bilayer that controls movement of substances into and out of cells

contains genes, structure that carries hereditary info

outter covering on some bacteria composed of a polysaccharide or polypeptide

thin appendage from surface of cell used for cellular movement

a resting structure formed inside some bacteria

appendage on bacterial cell used for attachment

appendage on a bacterial cell used for conjugtaion and gliding motility

short cellular projection from eukaryotic cells, composed of 9 pairs and 2 microtubles

complex lipid composed of glycerol two fatty acids and a phosphate group

nucleic acid of genetic material in all cells and some viruses

lens system located below stage that directs light rays through the specimen

lens closest to veiwer, eyepeice

the lens closest to the specimen

solvent moves from a solution of lower solute concentration to a high solte concentration

molecule consisting of a lipid and a polysaccharide forming outter membrane of gram- NEGATIVE cell walls

pathway that convert 2-carbon compund to c02 transfering electrons and NAD and other carriers

an organism requiring molecular oxugen for growth

any rod shape bacterium

spherical or oval bacterium

corkscrew-shaped bacteria with axial filament

discover marked the cell theory- all living things are composed of cells

aseptic surgury used phenol solution to reduce death caused by microorganisms

disproved spontaneous generation

movement of galadies away from us

+ or - 15 billion years

large amounts of helium

measure temp to be 3k, won nobel prize in physics

hydrogen fusing to form helium

5 billion years ago from gravitational field initiating fusion

forms planets and moon (earth and moon are the same age)

4.6 billion years old

no oxygen and mainly nitrogen carbon dioxide and water

• composed of cells
• reproduce in kind
• metabolism
• respond to stimuli

no oxygen requires energy hydrogen nitrogen carbon and time

• catalytic activity
• structural capability
• info carrying capability

3.5 billion years ago

2.5 billion years ago

• radiometeric dating
• fossil records
• dna sequence
• and lab experiments

refraction of water

magnification by a globe of water

optical principle and eye anatomy

simple magnification

the "cell" in a living organism

bacteria blood protozoa and sperm with a single lens microscope

dif wavelengths of light are refracted through lens at different angles

light hits edges casing distortion

ocular x objective

measure of velocity of light passing trough a substance

prevents light scattering between slide and objective lens

• observation
• hypothesis
• test hypothesis
• accept/reject/reuse hypothesis

life arises from inorganic or non living material

grains and shirt = mice supported spontaneous generation

tested spontaneous generation with maggots on meat

believed flies do not arise spontaneously

flasks sealed by melting glass remained sterile when boilded

made something to sterilize air going into the flask, results supported bogenesis

developed swan neck flask dealing with heated air problems

developed relationship between microorganisms and disease. discover cause of anthrax and tuberculosis

descibed the nucleus

advanced cell theory

• organisms composed of cells
• cells are basic unit of life
• cells arise from preexisting cells

• basic
• no nucleus
• bacteria
• difuses faster
• smallest - nuclear material is circular

• true
• nucleus
• larger
• nuclear material linear- chromosomes

• cocci - spheres
• bacillus- rods
• spirochete- corkscrew

on the inside of the plasma membrane

the otter part of the plasma membrane

• boundry
• recognition
• energy
• diffusion
• active transport
• bulk transport

movement of small uncharged molecules

diffusionof water inresponce to solute concentration

diffusion using a channle protien

movement of molecules from HIGH to LOW concentration

solute concentratonless outside the cell than the inside

solute concentration greater outside cell than the inside

movement against energy concentration gradient requires energy