When blood pressure increases, the baroreceptor firing rate _________.
increases
decreases
is unaffected
increases
During which two phases of the cardiac cycle are all heart valves closed?
isovolumetric contraction and isovolumetric relaxation
ventricular filling and ventricular ejection
ventricular ejection and isovolumetric relaxation
ventricular filling and isovolumetric contraction
isovolumetric contraction and isovolumetric relaxation
When blood pressure in the right ventricle is > pulmonary arteries, the semilunar valves are open.
True
False
true
Ventricular depolarization is represented by the ______ on an ECG.
T wave
H band
P wave
M line
QRS wave
QRS wave
list the definition/descripition, units, and how to calculate cardiac output:
description: the amount of blood ejected by each ventricule in 1 minute
units: mL/min
calculate: HR (beats/min) X SV (mL/beat) = CO (mL/min)
list the definition/description, units, and how to calculate stroke volume:
description: ventricles do not expell all (130 mL) at EDV, the actual amount ejected (about 70 mL) is the stroke volume
units: mL (mL/beat)
calculate: EDS - ESV = SV
list the definition/description, units, and how to calculate pulse pressure:
description: the maximum stress exerted on small arteries by the pressure pressure surges generated by the heart, average pressure for the whole body
units: mm Hg
calculate: systolic P - diastolic P = pulse pressure
list the definition/description, units, and how to calculate mean aterial pressure:
description: a measure of stress on the blood vessels obtained at several intervals (say every 0.1 second) throughout the cardiac cycle
units: mm Hg
calculate: diastolic P + pulse P/3 = MAP
list the definition/description, units, and how to calculate systolic pressure:
description: peak arterial BP attained during ventricular contraction
units: mm Hg
calculate
list the definition/description, units, and how to calculate diastolic pressure:
description: the minimum arterial BP occuring during the ventricular relaxation between heartbeats
units: mm Hg
list the definition/description, units, and how to calculate heart rate:
description: each beat of the heart produces a surge of pressure that can be felt by palpating a suerpficial artery with fingertips
units: BPM (beats per minute)
calculate: counting # of pulse for 15 seconds then multiply by 4 to get BMP
*taken at radial artery or common carotid artery
List at least 5 arteries of the body that lie close enough to the skin surfaces so that they can be used to take a pulse:
superficial temporal a.
facial a.
common carotid a.
radial a.
brachial a.
femoral a.
popliteal a.
posterior tibal a.
dorsal pedal a.
what is the name of the instrument used to measure blood pressure:
sphygmomanometer
sphyg - mom an - o meter
stethoscope
what is the most commonly used artery to measure blood pressure?
brachial artery
if you have a blood pressure of 130/75, what does the 75 represent?
diastolic pressure
what is the clinical threshold for high blood pressure in young adults?
140/90
during the measurement of blood pressure, what is measured when the first sound is heard: systolic or diastolic pressure?
systolic
Calculate the pulse pressure and MAP under each condition:
HR: 52 bmp
systolic P: 102 mm Hg
diastolic P: 52 mm Hg
pulse pressure: 50 mm Hg
MAP: 69 mm Hg
Calculate the pulse pressure and MAP under each condition:
HR: 56 bpm
systolic P: 114 mm Hg
diastolic P: 58mm Hg
pulse P: 56 mm Hg
MAP: 77 mm Hg
Calculate the pulse pressure and MAP under each condition:
HR: 56 bmp
systolic P: 106 mm Hg
diastolic P: 56 mm Hg
pulse P: 50 mm Hg
MAP: 72 mm Hg
Calculate the pulse pressure and MAP under each condition:
HR: 92 bmp
systolic P: 138 mm Hg
diastolic P: 71 mm Hg
pulse P: 67 mm Hg
MAP: 93 mm Hg
if your stroke volume was 70 mL/beat, while seated what would her cardiac output be with a heart rate of 60 BMP:
CO = 60 beat/min X 70 ml/beat = 4200 mL/min
or 4200 ml/min x 1L/1000 mL = 4.2 L/min
describe how your labmates blood pressure and heart rate changed in response to body position( lying down - sitting- standing):
lying down: after lying down for 3 mins the BP and HR lowered
sitting: immediately after sitting up from lying, the BP and HR elevated
standing: after standing for 2 mins the BP and HR lowered slightly from the resting measurements
outline the physiologicial mechanism underlyng the change in heart rate and blood pressure in response to body postion ( ie, how did changes in baroreceptor firing, sympathetic activity, parasympathetic activity, and vasomotor tone contribute to HR and BP)
>vasoconstrict (to general organs/maintance, response to PSNS) > venous return - increase > EDS - increase
> vasodialate (to skeletal muscles, response to PSNS)
name the 1st phase of the mechanical cycle of the heart, indicate which heart valves are open and closed during each phase, and state whether each phase is part of systole or diastole:
Name:
AV valves (open/closed)
SL valves (open/closed)
diastole/systole
Name: ventricular filling
AV valves: open
SL valves: closed
diastole
name the 2nd phase of the mechanical cycle of the heart, indicate which heart valves are open and closed during each phase, and state whether each phase is part of systole or diastole:
Name: isovolumetric contraction
AV valves: closed
SL valves: closed
systole
name the 3rd phase of the mechanical cycle of the heart, indicate which heart valves are open and closed during each phase, and state whether each phase is part of systole or diastole:
Name: ventricular ejection
AV valves: closed
SL valves: open
systole
name the 4th phase of the mechanical cycle of the heart, indicate which heart valves are open and closed during each phase, and state whether each phase is part of systole or diastole:
name: isovolumeteric relaxation
AV valves: closed
SL valves: closed
diastole
which heart sound is produced when the semilunar valves in the heart close?
dub (S2)
which heart sound is produced when the atrioventricular valves in the heart close?
lub (S1)
when blood pressure in the artria is > ventricles, are the AV valves open or closed?
open
when the blood pressure in the artria is < ventricles, are the AV valves open or closed?
closed
when blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries is < the right ventricle, are the SL valves open or closed
closed
when the pressure in the aorta is > the left ventricle, are the SL valves open or closed?
open
during which phase of the cardiac cycle is the pressure in the heart the highest?
ventricular ejection
during which phase of the cardiac cycle is the pressure in the heart lowest?
what electricla event is represented by the P wave:
atrial depolarization
what electrial even is represented by the QRS wave:
ventricular depolarization
what electrical event is represented by the T wave
ventricular repolarization
why is atrial repolarization not seen in an ECG?
it is obsured by QRS wave
during which phase of the cardiac cycle does artrial contraction take place?
