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Integumentary System consists of:
- -Skin
- -Accessory Structures
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Functions of the Integumentary System: (6 of them)
- -Protection
- -Regulation of Temperature
- -Storage of Lipids
- -Synthesis of Vitamin D
- -Sensory Reception
- -Immune Response
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The integumentary system is found in:
- -Epithelial
- -Connective
- -Smooth muscle
- -Neural tissue
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The SKIN is also called:
-The Cutaneous Membrane
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The Skin has 2 parts which are:
-Epidermis
-Dermis
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The EPIDERMIS:
- -Composed of keratonized stratified squamous
- -Superficial, outer-most layers
- -Water can move through, but very slowly; not waterproof
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The Epidermis has 4 Cell Types which are:
- 1. Keratinocytes
- 2. Melanocytes
- 3. Merkel Cell
- 4. Langerhan Cell
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Keratinocytes:
- -Produce keratin
- -Most Numerous
- -Carotine Storage-orange in color
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Melanocytes:
- -Produce melanin (color of skin)
- -Gives some protection against UV radiation; Need a little bit of UV exposure-our bodies need it for Vitamin D precursers
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Merkel Cell:
- -Sensory Receptors
- -Allows us to fell light touches; and pressure
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Langerhan Cell
-Immune response to cancer in skin/pathogens
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The DERMIS:
- -Deep the to Epidermis
- -Has 2 layers
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The 2 Layers of the DERMIS are:
1. Papillary Layer
2. Reticular Layer
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The Papillary Layer:
- -Upper portion of the dermis
- -Projections into the Epidermis
- -Has loose connective tissue
- -Sensory neurons
- -Capillary beds-where oxygen exchanges for carbon dioxide
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The Reticular Layer:
- -Has dense irregular connective tissue (thats why when you pull on your skin, you're not pulling on muscle or damaging anything)
- -Hair follicles
- -Exocrine Glands
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Underneath the Dermis is the:
-Hypodermis
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The HYPODERMIS:
- -The hypodermis is NOT part of the skin
- -Has loose connective tissue
- -Lots of Blood and Vascular Tissue here
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The Accessory Structures:
- -Hair
- -Nails
- -Exocrine Glands
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HAIR:
-Have about 5 million hairs on the body
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Functions of HAIR are:
- -Protection
- -Thermoregulation-(layer of insulation)
- -Arrector Pilus- smooth muscle; hair gets pulled into an upright position
- -Early Warning System- like when a bug is on you
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The EXOCRINE GLANDS:
-Sebaceous Glands
-Sweat Glands
-Cerumerous Glands
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The Sebaceous Glands:
- -Produce an oily lipid=SEBUM
- -Secreted out in hair follicles or surface of skin
- -Provides lubrication
- -Is antibacterial
- -Has HOLOCRINE Secretions- entire cell is lost with secretion
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The SWEAT Glands:
-Has 2 Types:
1. Apocrine Sweat Glands
2. Merocrine Glands
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The APOCRINE Sweat Glands:
- -Actually merocrine secretions- exocytosis
- -Most common type of secretion
- -Secreting into hair follicles-arm pits, nipples, groin
- -They're odorous- due from bacteria
- -Acne happens when this gland get blocked
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The MEROCRINE Glands:
- -Also known as ECCRINE
- -More widely distributed
- -Sweat- 99% water
- -Thermoregulation
- -Also helps to lose water
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The Cerumerous Glands:
-Cerumen (ear wax)
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