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Sage
archetypal figure who combines religious inspiration and extraordinary insight into the human condition
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Tao
the source of all existece, the principle of all things, or the moral law
"way"
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Yin
Ancient Chinese metaphysics, weak, negative, dark, and destructive natural force or principle: Earth
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Yang
Ancient Chinese metaphysics, strong, positive, light, and constructive natural force or principle: Heaven
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Wu Wei
in the Tao te Ching: a warning against unnatural or demanding action
"non-action"
"let nature take its course"
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Humanism
any philosophy that emphasises human welfare and dignity
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Chung-Yung
"centrality-universality": the Golden Mean of Confucious, consisting of moderation and normality; universal moral law; also equilibrium or harmony
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te
- "virtue": the power to affect others w/o using physical force, morally neutral
- Confucious: the capacity to act according to Tao and to bring others to Tao
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li
"ceremony": Ritua/Civility: encompasses rites, customs, and conventions ranging from ritual sacrifices to everyday good manners
The ability to act in an appropriate fashion, expressing one's inner intentions
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chun-tzu
"lord's son": Confucian morally superior man; a great/noble soul
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hsiao-jen
small/vulgar man: a petty and base individual
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jen
"humankind/kindness": the humane principle rooted in empathy and fellow feeling
can also mean a "real person": one who is truly themselves
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Ascetic
individual who turns away from pleasure and severely limits all sensual appetites in order to achieve salvation or peace of mind
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Nirvana
an annihilation of the egos; a state of emptiness or "no-thing-ness"; a state of bliss: "pure conciousness" that leads to release from suffering while remaining concious
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Bodhisattva
an enlightened being who voluntarily postpones his own nirvana in order to help all other concious life-forms find "supreme release"
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Karma
the law of moral causation (moral cause and effect): includes past and present actions
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The Four Noble Truths
the foundation of Buddha's teachings
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The Eightfold Path
Buddha's prescription for rooting out suffering
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1) to exist is to suffer
2) self-centeredness is the chief cause of human suffering
3) the cause of suffering can be understood and rooted out
4) suffering can be alleviated by following the Eightfold Path
The Four Noble Truths
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Right 1)understanding, 2) purpose, 3) speech, 4) conduct, 5) livelihood, 6) effort, 7) mindfulness, and 8) meditation
The Eightfold Path
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xin
trust/faithfulness in thought, word, and deed - sincerity
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chih
"wisdom" involves 1) expressing our innate quality of Jen, 2) understanding Yi, 3) practicing Li, 4) and expressing Xin
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yi
Righteousness/Sense of justice - acting naturally is the best way of doing things
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Jnana Yoga
the way of inellectual discrimination
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Karma Yoga
the way of ethical action
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Bhakti Yoga
the way of the heartfelt devotion
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Raj Yoga
the way of inward stillness
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Jnana, Karma, Bhakti, Raj Yoga
4 ways of Spiritual Freedom
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Maha Rishi
India: "great seer"
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Sanatana Dharma
India: "eternal law" is life itself NOT the rules of conduct
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Artha
India: "Material Success"
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Moksha
India: Spiritual Freedom from Samsara
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