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What is the definition of hydrotherapy?
application of water, internally or externally for treatment of physical dysfunction
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What are 5 effects hydrotherapy has on body tissue?
- 1.thermal-cold/hot
- 2.mechanical-movement/turbulence
- 3.debridement of wounds
- 4.pain relief
- 5.relaxation of muscles
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What type of water to neuro patients tend to relax in?
cool water
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What methods of heat transfer happen thru hydrotherapy?
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What is the law of refraction?
- limbs arent where they appear to be
- bending of light
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What law states fluid pressure is exerted equally on all surfaces of rest at a given depth?
- pascals law of hydrostatic pressure
- the deeper in the water you go, the more pressure is exerted
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What is a upward thrust force on a body part in water?
buoyancy
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What is newtons law of cooling?
rate of cooling a person in a given time is proportional to difference in temp between environment and the body...
get out og hydrotank and even though the body is warm you feel cold
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What is the specific gravity of water? Do you float/sink at higher/lower?
specific gravity of water is 1
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What is the archimedes principle?
- when a body is partly or entirely immersed in fluid, at rest, it experiences and upward thrust equal to weight of fluid at rest...
- water rises up
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What is friction that occurs between molecules of a liquidand causes resistance to the liquid flow?
viscosity
water has low viscosity, which allows for fast movements
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What is an irregular flow of fluid that increases resistance at higher speeds of movement?
turbulence
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What are some physiological effects of warm water?
- vasodilation
- decreased bp, hr
- increased venous and lymphatic pressure (pascal)
- increased local metabolism, blood flow
- decreased sensitivity to nerve endings
- increased pain threshold, collagen elasticity
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What are some mechanical effects of hydrotherapy?
- mechanical stimulation to skin receptors
- counter irritant-gate control theory
- debridement of wounds
- massaging action
- supportive medium for exercise
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What are some indications?
- cleansing/hygiene
- decrease weight bearing
- strengthening
- cardiac effects (strengthens cardiovascular and pulmonary systems)
- debridement of wounds
- deliver/take away heat
- pain control
- edema control
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What are some contraindications?
- maceration of a wound (skin gets wet, spongy and whiteish....wearing a bandaid while doing dishes)
- bleeding/hemorrhaging
- full body immersion - cant use if theres cardiac insufficiency/instability, infection, incontinence, epilepsy
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If you have a thick nasty wound what should you do while using hydrotherapy?
place aggitator directly at the wound until it gets normal skin/pinkish then turn aggitator away
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What are some precautions?
- impaired sensation
- infection
- pt is confused
- recent skin grafts (watch temp and aggitator)
- pregnancy
- certain diseases (MS)
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What is the temp range for cold water, and what is it used for?
acute inflammation (lightning victim). neuro patients, control tone in hypertonic pts
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What is the temp range for tepid water, and what is it used for?
normal aquatic exercise temp, acute inflammation if colder temp isnt tolerated
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What is the temp range for neutral warmth and whats it used for?
open wounds, medically compromised patients with circulatory, sensory, or cardiac disorders, decreased tone (hypotonic pts)
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What is the temp range for mild warmth and whats it used for?
increase mobility in burn patients
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What is the temp range for hot and whats it for?
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What is the temp range for very hot and whats it for?
increase soft tissue extensibility, chronic conditions, limited body area only
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What are some type of whirlpool tanks?
- portable (you can push it around)
- fixed (permanent fixture somewhere)
- extremity (use for LE/UE)
- high boy (extremity tank, but taller)
- low boy (looks like big bathtub..sit and extend legs)
- hubbard tank (full body immersion)
- walking tank (pt can walk inside..underwater treadmill)
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What are the equipment parts of a whirlpool?
- tank..stainless steel
- water
- mixture control valve
- turbine
- thermometer
- drain
- seats
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What should you document when using a whirlpool?
- type of tank
- temp
- time
- exercises performed inside
- how it was tolerated
- additives
- ROM/function increase/decrease
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