Bio 130 3rd set of ?'s for 1st test

Microbodies that have a single membrane

* breaks down H
* Carries out photosynthesis action

* Breaks down lipids
* makes lipids into proteins

* support cell shape
* holds organelles in place
* makes tracks for vesicles

What is cytoskeletin made with?

What part of the cytoskeletin is used for streaming?

What part of the cytoskeletin is used for cell division?

What part of the cytoskeletin is used for the nucleus cage?

What is the Theory of endosymbiosis?

Who discovered the Theory of endosymbiosis?

What kind of evidence is for endosymbiosis

What is the chromosomes made up of?

What is chromatin?

What is required to do cell division?

How far does DNA stretch to?

What kind of cell division is meristem?

The cell division that keeps everything the same

What phase of Mitosis is devoted to dividing the nucleus?

Which cell division type
keeps equal number of chromosomes
has normal growth (size, length and girth)
is wound healing

Which cell division type reduces chromosomes by half?

About how long does interface last for?

List the cell cycle phases:

What happens in G1?

What happens at the 1st check point?

What happens if the DNA is damaged and goes undetected?

What happens at the S phase?

What happens at G2?

What does mitosis do?

Mitosis Phases:

Which mitosis phase is the longest?

What happens in the prophase?

What is it called when microtubules attacht onto centromere by protens?

What happens in Metaphase?

What happens in Anaphase?

What happens in Telophase?

What is Phragmoplast?

How is a cell plate made?

Where does cell plates being made occur?

What does totipotent stand for?

Permenent Cells 3 types of jobs:

What does Vascular Tissue do?

What is Ground tissues jobs?

What do permenent cells do?

Two different Seed Plants

*Seeds produced/released from cone
* Woody
* A lot of growth
* Perinial
* Pines

* Largest Group of seed plants
* Flowering-seeds
* Woody or herbacious
* Little or no growth

* primary tissue
* living at maturity
* primary cell wall
* Single layer
* protects body of yound plants

Specialized Dermal types:

* stoma's that open and close and created for gas exchange and to regulate H2O
*non-photosynthetic

* lipids and wax mix
* made from cutin
* prevents H2O loss

* replaces lost epidermis
* dead at maturity
* secondary
* goes around to form cylinder
* cork cambium

Cork Cells are what?

What is suberin?

What does permiderm need?

Three ground tissue cells:

most common
living @ maturity
primary cell wall
cylindrical
intercellular spaces - can look empty
protoplasm

What are parenchyma's functions?

living @ maturity
Thick primary cell wall provides support Totipotent

* flexible support
* makes certain vegetables chewy with strings

List the 3 different Sclerenchyma Cells

secondary cell wall provides rigid support
can be thick
lost protoplasm dead @ maturity
found in groups and in lots of different tissues
l

Harden and Roundish
Found in Fruits and seeds
Makes pears-gritty bc of clusters
Thick wall
creates lumen
branched pits-channels through secondary cell wall

complex tissue
multiple cell types
Can be either primary or seondary
2 diff types: Xylem & Phloem

What does Xylem do?

The two elements of Xylem

Primative
Gymnosperms and Ferns
ressembles fibers
Over laps at tips
Pits- boardered and simple

uniformed CWH2O
moves laterally
contains pit-blocking Torus

What does the Torus do in the Tracheid bordered pit?

Whats the difference btwn Xylem's Tracheids pits?

Has ring-like springs
Stackable
Preforation Plates
Large diameter

Found in angiosperms
Not as strong as tricheids
always mixed in w/fibers

*gymnosperms
* no fibers
* primary CW
* long narrow
* Albuminous
* structure like trachea

* angiosperms
* More like vessels
* seive plate btwn 2
* fibers surround

What are seive tube member companions for?

Simple Permanent Cell Types

Complex Permanent Cell Types

* positions leaves and flowers
* conduction of food and H2O
* Photosynthetic
* Protection
* food storage

Two types of Stems

name of attachment site for leaves

* flowers usually in 3's or 6's

* leaves paralell
* stems endogenous
* bundles seperate and irregular
* roots have several to many xylem elements

Flowers in 4's or 5's

* leaves usually net veined
* Stems exogenous w/central pith
* outer cortex seperated by bundles
* forms hallow tube, annual rings in woody stem
* roots usually have 3, 4, or 5 xylem elements

Where is the axillary bud located?

What does "Interderminate Growth" mean?

What does "Determinant Growth" mean?

What does "Primordia" mean?

Duration of stage in MIN

Difference btwn sexual and asexual reproduction

* potato tubers
* tulip bulbs
* quackgrass rhizomes
* strawberry runners

Asexual propagation by cuttings

Tissue Culture

All land plants are what?

What vascular plants reproduce by spores and never seeds

Vascular plants that produce seeds but never flowers or fruits

Flowering plants

Angiosperm subdivisions

What are most monocots?

What are many dicots?

Whats the shoot?

Plants that have dedicated conducting tissues are:

The relatively soft, short-lived tissues produced during primary growth are referred to as:

Internodes are also called:

* cause growth in thickness
* Hollow cylinder of elongated upspecialized cells
* Some distance beneath the surface

* The thickening of stems and roots by the expansion
* specialization of the cells produced by a cambium is:

what does the vascular cambium do in woody plants?

* closer to the surface
* adds bark that serves as protection

small cells at the shoot apex

* arm-like extensions
* at it earliest stage of differentation

* developing vascular bundle
* darker strands in stem and in leaf primordia

* located where leaf primordium joins the stem

Where all the new cells of the shoot will ultimately develop from

* thin primary wall
* living at maturity
* Often quite large

* moderately to extrememly thick secondary wall
* function in rigid support
* dead at maturity
* no cytoplasm

* relatively uncommon
* unevenly thickened primary walls
* function in flexible support in structures such as leaf petioles and herbaceous stems

* at the tip of each main stem and branch

on the sides of the branch

point of attachment of leaves or scales to the stem

stem segment between two successive nodes

breaks in the bark that function in gas exchange

left where a former leaf stalk detached

remains of vascular bundles in leaf scars

remains of previous year's terminal bud

When does a terminal bud form?

* formed by a cambium and adds to the diameter of a plant structure

What does the secondary xylem accumulate as?

All of the tissues outside of the vascular cambium are what?

The three tissues periderm is composed of:

composed of thin-walled parenchyma cells

* dead at maturity
* contain suberin
* makes the periderm impermeable to water

when this dies all of the remaining cells of the periderm dies

* has neither fibers or vessels
* tracheids

sieve cells in what lack companion cells?

* balloon-like outgrowths of tissue
* grow from living parenchyma cells though pits
* responds to wounding or other trama

The monomer for nucleic acid is